公允价值计量的风险相关性研究──来自我国上市商业银行

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-20 4 4 411.36KB 57 页 150积分
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硕士学位论文
IV
摘要
20 世纪 80 年代美国银行业发生了储蓄与贷款危机,2006 9月美国财务会
计准则委员会颁布了美国财务会计准则第 157 号,2007 年夏爆发了次级贷款危机,
这三次事件均引起了会计界关于公允价值计量风险相关性问题的讨论,其间美国
诸多学者对该问题进行了规范及实证方面的研究。而我国学者对此问题的研究还
限于规范方面,实证方面的研究比较少见。与此同时,随着 2006 年企业会计准则
的颁布,公允价值计量在上市公司尤其是上市商业银行得到了比较广泛的应用。
基于上述背景,本文以持有金融工具数量较为可观和种类较为齐全的 13 家上
市商业银行 2007 年一季度至 2008 年四季度共计 81 个样本构成的混合横截面数据
为对象,研究了公允价值盈余与原始成本盈余波动性的大小关系比较及公允价值
盈余的波动性、公允价值变动损益的波动性与系统性风险、个股收益率的标准差
及股价之间的关系,得出了如下四个结论:
第一,公允价值盈余的波动性与原始成本盈余的波动性没有统计上显著的差
异。研究结论说明,在目前,相比原始成本计量方式,上市商业银行采用公允价
值计量其部分资产及负债后,并没有导致盈余的波动性增加。
第二,公允价值盈余标准差与系统性风险呈显著的负相关关系;公允价值变
动损益标准差与系统性风险并不存在显著的相关关系。
第三,公允价值盈余标准差、公允价值变动损益标准差与个股收益率标准差
呈显著的负相关关系。
第四,公允价值盈余标准差与股价呈显著的负相关关系;公允价值变动损益
标准差与股价不存在显著的相关关系。
本文的创新点体现在三方面:
首先,在盈余的波动性与系统性风险、个股收益率标准差的关系模型中,笔
者加入了三个能度量银行业上市公司所面临风险的行业性指标,其分别为存贷比
率、不良贷款率及资本充足率。
其次,用经验数据证明了目前我国上市商业银行公允价值盈余的波动性与原
始成本盈余的波动性没有显著差异,并对其理论原因进行了逻辑推理解释。国外
的实证研究均证明了公允价值盈余的波动性比原始成本盈余的波动性要大,因而
不存在对两者波动性没有显著差异的解释。同时,我国学者也没有对上述不显著
的波动性差异进行理论阐释。笔者通过逻辑上的推理,认为上述不显著的波动性
硕士学位论文
V
差异的理论原因在于:第一,我国上市商业银行公允价值变动直接计入损益的资
产占据总资产的比例较小;第二,我国上市商业银行持有的公允价值变动直接计
入损益的资产绝大部分为债券性投资;第三,本文选用的是季度数据,这在一定
程度上影响了公允价值变动损益标准差的大小。
最后,用经验数据证明了我国上市商业银行公允价值盈余标准差与系统性风
险及公允价值盈余标准差、公允价值变动损益标准差与个股收益率标准差呈显著
的负相关关系,并对其理论原因进行了逻辑推理解释。国内外研究没有对上述
相关关系进行比较令人信服的解释。笔者通过逻辑上的推理,认为产生上述异常
情况主要的理论原因在于:系统性风险小的银行股占据了银行业大部分公允价值
盈余,而系统性风险大的银行股只占据了银行业小部分公允价值盈余;个股收益
率标准差小的银行股占据了银行业大部分公允价值盈余(公允价值变动损益),而
个股收益率标准差大的银行股只占据了银行业小部分公允价值盈余(公允价值变
动损益)
关键词:公允价值计量;风险相关性;上市商业银行
硕士学位论文
VI
ABSTRACT
The banking and savings and loan crisis of the 1980s took place, FASB issued FAS
157 in September 2006 and the secondary mortgage loan crisis came up in the late
summer of 2007. All the three events caused the accounting field to discuss about the
fair-value risk relevance. Many American scholars researched on the above-mentioned
subject by the way of the normal and positive methods. But the scholars from our
country did the related researches in normal ways mainly. There were less positive
researches. Moreover, with the issue of 2006’s accounting standards for business
enterprise, the listed companies especially the listed commercial banks put fair value in
use in a large scope.
Based on the background mentioned above, the paper chooses the 81 pooled cross
section’s data from the 2007’s first season to the 2008’s fourth season of 13 listed
commercial banks which hold large and extensive financial instruments. It researches on
the comparison of the volatility of fair-value earning and historical cost earning, and the
association of the volatility of fair-value earning and that of the profits and losses on the
changes in fair value with the systematic risk and the standard deviation of rate of the
return on the stock price and the stock price. The paper arrives at the four conclusions:
The first one is that the volatility of fair-value earning is not significantly different
from that of historical cost earning. The conclusion shows that the volatility of earning
has no increase although listed commercial banks use fair value to measure some assets
and liabilities.
The second one is that the standard deviation of fair-value earning has a
significantly negative association with the systematic risk and that the standard
deviation of the profits and losses on the changes in fair value has no significant
association with the systematic risk.
The third one is that the standard deviation of fair-value earning and that of the
profits and losses on the changes in fair value have significantly negative associations
with the standard deviation of rate of the return on the stock price.
The fourth one is that the standard deviation of fair-value earning has a
significantly negative association with the stock price and that the standard deviation of
硕士学位论文
VII
the profits and losses on the changes in fair value has no significant association with the
stock price.
The paper has three highlights of innovation:
First of all, in the models of the volatility of earning with the systematic risk and
the standard deviation of rate of the return on the stock price, the author adds three
industrial variables which are loan and deposit ratio, the rate of non-performing loan
and the rate of capital adequacy. The three variables can measure the risk which listed
commercial banks face.
Secondly, empirical results show that the volatility of fair-value earning is not
significantly different from that of historical cost earning and the author gives the
academic explanations. The positive literatures from abroad showed that the volatility of
fair-value earning was significantly larger than that of historical cost earning, so there
was no explanation associated with the above-mentioned no significant difference. At
the same time, domestic literatures did not mention that. The author finds the academic
reasons for the no significant difference mentioned above in a logistic reasoning. They
are: first of all, the assets of our listed commercial banks whose changes in fair value
are charged to the profits and losses are a small part of total assets; secondly, the assets
of our listed commercial banks whose changes in fair value are charged to the profits
and losses are mainly bond investment; thirdly, the paper chooses the season’s data and
so it influences the size of the standard deviation of the profits and losses on the
changes in fair value.
Finally, empirical results show that the standard deviation of fair-value earning has
a significantly negative association with the systematic risk, and that the standard
deviation of fair-value earning and that of the profits and losses on the changes in fair
value have significantly negative associations with the standard deviation of rate of the
return on the stock price. The author gives the academic explanations. There were no
convincing explanations for the above-mentioned negative associations. The author
finds the academic reasons are: the banks that face the low systematic risk have a large
part of fair-value earnings, but the banks that face the high systematic risk have a small
part; the banks that face the low standard deviation of rate of the return on the stock
price have a large part of fair-value earnings or profits and losses on the changes in fair
value, but the banks that face the high standard deviation of rate of the return on the
stock price have a small part.
硕士学位论文
VIII
Keywords: fair-value measurement; risk relevance; listed commercial banks
目录
第一章 引言...................................................................................................................1
第一节 研究背景及选题意义................................................................................1
第二节 研究内容....................................................................................................4
第三节 研究方法....................................................................................................4
第四节 本研究的创新点........................................................................................5
第二章 文献综述及理论基础.......................................................................................6
第一节 公允价值得以广泛应用的背景:不确定及虚拟的经济环境................6
第二节 相关概念的界定........................................................................................8
第三节 文献综述..................................................................................................10
第四节 理论基础..................................................................................................16
第三章 实证分析.........................................................................................................21
第一节 研究假设..................................................................................................21
第二节 样本选取与数据来源..............................................................................22
第三节 变量的选择与模型的构建......................................................................24
第四节 实证分析..................................................................................................29
第四章 结论、建议与展望.........................................................................................43
第一节 本研究的主要结论..................................................................................43
第二节 基于研究结论的建议..............................................................................43
第三节 本研究的局限性与后续研究的展望......................................................44
参考文献.........................................................................................................................46
硕士学位论文
9
第一章 引言
第一节 研究背景及选题意义
20 世纪 80 年代,美国银行业发生了储蓄与贷款危机。美国储蓄与贷款机构
接受短期储蓄而用其发放长期固定利率抵押贷款(该种贷款是储蓄与贷款机构最
主要的资产形式)20 世纪 70 年代末 80 年代初的高通货膨胀引起利率的上升,
导致许多储蓄与贷款机构发放贷款所获取的盈余甚至低于应当支付的储蓄存款
利息。同时,由于利率的上升,抵押贷款未来现金流量的现值呈现较大幅度的下
降,也即公允价值下降,然而,当时采用的原始成本1计量并不需要反映这种价
值上的下降。这场危机使人们认识到公允价值计量在反映与预防风险方面比原始
成本计量具有更大的优势,并引起了关于公允价值计量问题的广泛辩论。
20 世纪 90 年代,国际会计界就公允价值计量的风险相关性进行了比较深入
的讨论与研究。20 世纪 90 年代中期,银行业组织对美国财务会计准则委员会
Financial Accounting Standards Board,以下简称 FASB)的全面收益计量和报
告建议进行批评指责,因为,他们认为全面收益计量和报告不能完全反应银行业
的风险管理活动,会引致全面收益的‘过度’波动,导致投资者高估其所面临的
风险(Hirstetal
2002。”2BarthLandsman & Wahlen1995 年发表题为《公允
价值会计:对银行盈余波动性、监管资本及合约现金流价值的影响》,其以美国
1971 1990 年银行业的年度数据为样本,研究了证券投资的利得和损失采用公
允价值计量所得到的盈余是否比原始成本的盈余具有更大的波动性,公允价值盈
余的增量风险是否为股价所反映,公允价值会计引起的盈余波动性对银行监管的
影响。BernardMerton & Palepu 1995 年用丹麦银行业Yonetani & Katsuo
1998 年用日本银行业的样本数据对公允价值计量的风险相关性进行了拓展研
究。
进入 21 世纪,公允价值计量的风险相关性的研究仍然方兴未艾。欧洲中央
银行(European Centeral Bank,以下简称 ECB)于 2004 年以 5个欧洲国家(德
国、法国、意大利、西班牙和英国)1973 1月至 2004 1月每周银行业权益
指数及除法国外其他 4个国家单个银行数据为样本,研究了现行会计框架转变为
完全公允价值会计对银行权益投资回报波动性的影响HirstHopkins & Wahlen
1除在引用他人文献时使用“历史成本”外,本文均采用“原始成本”两者意思一致,只是译文上的差别。
2转引自“Leslie D.Hodder,PatrickE.Hopkins,James M.Wahlen.Risk-Relevance of Fair-Value Income Measures
for Commercial Banks.The Accounting Review,2006,81(2):338.
摘要:

硕士学位论文IV摘要20世纪80年代美国银行业发生了储蓄与贷款危机,2006年9月美国财务会计准则委员会颁布了美国财务会计准则第157号,2007年夏爆发了次级贷款危机,这三次事件均引起了会计界关于公允价值计量风险相关性问题的讨论,其间美国诸多学者对该问题进行了规范及实证方面的研究。而我国学者对此问题的研究还限于规范方面,实证方面的研究比较少见。与此同时,随着2006年企业会计准则的颁布,公允价值计量在上市公司尤其是上市商业银行得到了比较广泛的应用。基于上述背景,本文以持有金融工具数量较为可观和种类较为齐全的13家上市商业银行2007年一季度至2008年四季度共计81个样本构成的混合横截面数据...

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作者:周伟光 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:57 页 大小:411.36KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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