汉英文化差异与西湖景点介绍的英译——— 从奈达的功能对等理论角度

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硕士学位论文

ABSTRACT

This thesis is an attempt to give an in-depth analysis of the existing problems in the

English translation of Chinese scenic-spot introductions ,and on the basis of the analysis,

tentative solutions are suggested, which are based on the two essential notions of Nida’s

functional equivalence theory. The author hopes that the translation quality of

scenic-spot introductions can be improved, and more researches in this specialized field

will be made in the future by translators in our country.

This thesis is composed of four chapters:

Chapter One reviews the literature related to the present study at home and abroad.

Chinese scholars, translators, professors and graduates have conducted a lot of

researches in this field by adopting different approaches, for example: cultranslation

approach, contrastive text analysis approach, functionalist approach, translation practice

approach. The overseas researchers have discussed the translation of scenic-spot

introductions from the perspectives of sociolinguistics, genre analysis and contrastive

text analysis. Indeed, these practices can help a translator to get some hints during

translation process, but they can not provide a systematic theory to guide the translator’s

mind, and few do it comprehensively and thoroughly, especially the study on that of the

existing problems and possible solutions in theoretical level.

Chapter Two is the theoretical foundation, in which the development of

equivalence theory is introduced. Among them Nida’s functional equivalence theory is

given special attention. The two essential notions of his theory are “equivalence” and

“receptors’ response”. Different from most of the earlier approaches to translation

focused on the relationship of the source text to the target text, Nida’s theory introduces

the receptors’ response to evaluate the quality of a translated text. After expounding

Nida’s functional equivalence theory, the present author concludes the following three

practical implications: 1) Receptors’ response shall be the criterion of judging the

validity of translation; 2) In translation, enough attention should be paid to cultural

factors, since biculturalism is more important than bilingualism; 3) Adjustment is

necessary when there exist linguistic and cultural differences between the source text

and the target text. In general, the differences in culture give rise to more important

adjustments than the differences in language.

硕士学位论文

Chapter Three analyzes the existing problems in the English translation of Chinese

scenic-spot introductions from cultural translation angle. First, the definition of culture

implies that translation is not only a process of transforming language symbols, but also

a process of conveying culture. The translation of scenic spots introductions is heavily

colored by with the culture of the source language. Then, the author divides the cultural

difference between Chinese and English into seven aspects as followings: language,

history, tradition, customs, mode of thinking, and aesthetic tastes. The author sticks to

this point which greatly influences the translation quality of scenic-spot introductions:

cultural factor. To achieve a good translation of scenic-spot introduction, a

comprehensive command of two cultures is particularly required.

Chapter Four tackles these problems in translation of West Lake scenic-spot

introductions by applying Nida’s functional equivalence theory. Translation techniques

based on the notions of equivalence and receptors’ response are suggested to solve these

problems. Firstly, four translation techniques based on the notion of equivalence are

suggested, namely, literal translation, literal translation with annotation, transliteration

with annotation, and transliteration and literal translation with annotation literal

translation .Secondly, three translation techniques based on the notion of receptors’

response are provided, namely, analogy, deletion or omission, and paraphrase. Finally,

in order to improve the translation quality, it is necessary to approach this issue from the

macro perspective involving the whole society. For example, greater efforts should be

made to help people see the importance of the English translation of Chinese

scenic-spot introductions; more training institutions should be established to train

professional translators; a more efficient monitoring system should be established.

In the concluding part, the present author generalizes the major findings of the

present thesis. Firstly, the present thesis argues the feasibility of applying Nida’s

functional equivalence theory to the English translation of Chinese scenic-spot

introductions and introduces an applicable theory to guide the research. Secondly, the

examples used in the present thesis are mainly from examples cited by other scholars in

periodical journals and some first-hand materials colleted by the author by visiting some

major scenic spots in West Lake, which are real and typical. The author hopes that this

study can arouse attention to the quality improvement of the English translation of

Chinese scenic-spot introductions so as to disseminate Chinese beautiful scenery and

culture worldwide. Owing to the limited space of the present thesis, and the author’s

inadequate knowledge, certain deficiencies can not be avoided in the present thesis. For

硕士学位论文

III

example, the classification of the existing problems in the English translation of Chinese

scenic-spot introductions may not be proper enough and with regard to the argument of

receptors’ response, this thesis proves its measurability only from the specific function

of scenic-spot introductions without further experimental support, which leaves much

space for future efforts.

Key Words: scenic-spot introductions; functional equivalence; cultural differences;

Hangzhou West Lake

硕士学位论文

摘要

当前国内旅游景点介绍不正确、不规范的翻译比比皆是，本文致力于汉英文

化差异与旅游景点介绍英译的研究。作者从汉英文化差异的角度分析了景点翻译

中存在的困难，并以奈达的功能对等理论为理论框架，从功能对等理论的两个主

要概念——对等、读者反应——角度出发，结合实际，对杭州西湖景点介绍的英

译提出应对性的解决办法。

本文共分为四章：

第一章，回顾了国内外旅游景点介绍翻译研究的现状。国内对旅游景点介绍

汉译英这一领域的研究角度有：文化翻译观、篇章对比分析、功能主义、翻译实

践。国外对于旅游景点介绍翻译的研究主要从社会语言学、体裁分析、篇章对比

分析等角度进行研究。这些研究的确能够使译者在翻译过程中得到启发，但却缺

乏系统的理论体系来指导翻译实践，而且对当前中文旅游景点介绍英译领域出现

的问题却少有全面的归纳总结，更缺乏从理论的高度提出的解决办法。

第二章是理论框架，介绍了等效理论在国内外的发展状况并重点分析了本文

的理论基础——奈达的“功能对等”理论。本文在研究奈达功能对等理论的基础

上，总结出该理论的两个核心概念：对等和读者反应。笔者认为在翻译过程中，

衡量译文的标准应从对等和读者反应两个方面去考虑。在旅游景点翻译中，对于

译者而言，“双文化能力”比“双语言能力”更为重要；文化差别与语言差别相比，

前者会引起更为重大的调整，由此为本文从文化差异角度来解决旅游景点英译中

出现的问题提供了坚实的理论基础。

第三章，从中英文化差异这个比较宏观的基础上论述翻译中存在的困难,以文

化差异为根据，作者将对汉英文化的差异进行了分析、归纳、总结。首先就文化

与翻译的相互关系来看，翻译过程就是文化传播的过程。其次，景点介绍包含丰

富的历史文化背景，其翻译必然离不开文化的传达。最后，作者分别从语言、历

史、传统、习惯、思维方式和审美情趣七个方面具体分析了中西文化的差异，以

及在景点介绍翻译中出现的问题。

第四章，从功能对等理论的两个主要概念——对等、读者反应——角度出发，

对西湖景点介绍的英译提出尝试性的解决办法。根据奈达功能对等理论的两个主

要概念，首先，基于对等概念提出了四种翻译技巧：直译、直译加注解、音译加

注解以及音译加直译加注解。其次，基于读者反应概念提出三种翻译技巧：类比、

省译和释义。在从微观翻译技巧层面上探讨之后，作者又从宏观层面上提出了尝

试性的解决办法，如加强旅游景点介绍翻译重要性的认识，培养合格的译者及加

强相关部门的有效监督等。

硕士学位论文

最后综述了本文所进行的研究，关于西湖景点翻译研究很少，而从汉英文化

的差异的角度，以功能对等翻译理论去对其进行研究则是一个新的尝试。从文化

差异角度去研究翻译则肯定会使旅游翻译更好地体现文化的交流，从一种比较客

观全面的角度去研究翻译，并用于翻译实践，必定会对旅游事业起到更大的促进

作用。通过本文的研究，有助于加强对旅游景点介绍翻译重要性的认识，引起社

会各界对于这一领域的广泛关注，从而促进旅游景点介绍汉译英质量的提高。

关键词：旅游景点介绍；功能对等；文化差异；杭州西湖

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摘要：

硕士学位论文IABSTRACTThisthesisisanattempttogiveanin-depthanalysisoftheexistingproblemsintheEnglishtranslationofChinesescenic-spotintroductions,andonthebasisoftheanalysis,tentativesolutionsaresuggested,whicharebasedonthetwoessentialnotionsofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Theauthorhopesthatthetranslatio...

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汉英文化差异与西湖景点介绍的英译——— 从奈达的功能对等理论角度.pdf

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