梁实秋翻译思想研究

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硕士学位论文

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ABSTRACT

This thesis attempts to apply André Lefevere and Susan Bassnett’s theory of

“cultural turn” to studies of Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought by adopting an

inductive method. For long, translation studies have been based on linguistics. But

since the 1970s, “the cultural turn” proposed by André Lefevere and Susan Bassnett

has provided us with a new perspective in translation studies. Liang Shiqiu was a

great translator who had a lot of translation works including the famous The Complete

Works of Shakespeare. Thus probing into his translation thought from the perspective

of cultural turn would probably be of great significance and academic value as well.

Based on this idea, this thesis attempts to analyze and summarize his translation

thought after having studied a great number of his translated works and summarized

his viewpoints of translation implied in his essays and memoirs.

The research could be said as a pioneering work ever done, for studying Liang

Shiqiu’s translation thought from the perspective of “the cultural turn” is the first of

its kind I ever know. This study for the first time attempts to frame Liang Shiqiu’s

translation thought into a system mainly consisting of four aspects, namely, idea of

the mean, idea of the translator, idea of humanity and idea of abstention in translation.

The study of Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought is to be made mainly at the theoretical

level together with some discussion touching his practice. It is, therefore, going to be

a combination of both the theory and the practice.

This thesis mainly consists of three chapters. At first it offers a brief introduction

by explaining the intention, significance, and methodology of this thesis. Then, in

Chapter 1, this thesis reviewed the researches on Liang Shiqiu and the studies on

Liang Shiqiu as a translator. In Chapter 2, this thesis introduced the cultural turn in

translation studies emerging in the 1970s and the theory of the subject of translation

and the subjectivity of the translator. In Chapter 3, this thesis attempted to frame

Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought into a system mainly consisting of four aspects,

namely, idea of the mean, idea of the translator, idea of humanity and idea of

abstention in translation. At last, the present author summarized the study and pointed

out its limitations as well as its further research.

硕士学位论文

II -

In the following, the present author will briefly introduce the four aspects of

Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought.

First, Liang Shiqiu was born in a traditional Chinese family and was influenced

deeply by the Confucian thought. And at Harvard he became a student of Irving

Babbitt whose new humanism is similar to the Confucian thoughts in nature. So it is

the combination of Babbitt’s new humanism with traditional Confucian thought that

formed one of Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought, namely, idea of the mean.

Second, translating is not simply a kind of transfer between different language

systems but a kind of creative activity. In the processing of translating, the translator

is the bridge communicating the culture of source language and the culture of target

language. He would unconsciously put his own life experience, personality, aesthetic

views and habits into his reading, understanding and expressing of the source text.

Just based on this theory, one aspect of Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought– Liang

Shiqiu’s idea of the translator is to be studied. It contains two points, namely, the

translator’s attitudes toward translation and the translator’s translation methods.

Third, the idea of humanity. The ideas on human nature are the main part of

Liang Shiqiu’s literary thought and they inevitably influence his translation thought.

The reason why he chose Shakespeare to translate is that he thought that

Shakespeare’s works reflected the eternal humanity.

Fourth, the idea of abstention in translation. Liang Shiqiu was greatly influenced

by Irving Babbitt’s new humanism. Its core is to give the immanent control to

individual’s impulsion and appetency with the help of reason. Irving Babbitt’s new

humanism produces a great impact not only on Liang Shiqiu’s literary ideology but

also on his translation thought.

Keywords:Liang Shiqiu; cultural turn; translation thought; translation studies

硕士学位论文

III

摘要

本论文试图采用归纳的方法把安德列·勒弗维尔和苏珊·巴斯内特的文化

转向理论应用于梁实秋的翻译思想研究。长期以来，翻译研究一直都是基于语言

学研究之上的。但是，在二十世纪七十年代安德列•勒弗维尔和苏珊•巴斯内特提

出的文化转向理论为我们的翻译研究提供了一个新的视角。梁实秋是一位伟大的

翻译家，他有很多翻译作品，包括著名的《莎士比亚》全集。因此，从文化转向

的视角探究他的翻译思想将具有重要意义和学术价值。正是基于此想法，在阅读

了他的大量翻译作品和整理了分散在他的散文和传记中的有关翻译方面的言论

后，本论文试图分析并归纳出他的翻译思想。

本研究具有创新性，因为据笔者所知，从文化转向的视角研究梁实秋的翻

译思想至今尚不多见，并且本研究首次把梁实秋的翻译思想归纳为一个由四个方

面组成的系统，即中庸翻译观、译者观、人性论翻译思想和节制说翻译思想。此

外，本次梁实秋翻译理论的研究主要在理论的层面上展开，并结合了一些翻译实

践的讨论。因此，本研究将是一项理论与实践结合的工作。

本论文主要包括三章。首先，笔者简单介绍了一下本论文的研究意图、意

义和方法。然后在第一章里回顾了对梁实秋的研究和对梁实秋翻译的研究。第二

章介绍了上世纪 70 年代提出的文化转向的翻译理论以及译者主体和译者主体性

的理论。在第三章，本论文试图把梁实秋的翻译思想归纳为一个由四个方面组成

的系统，即中庸翻译观，译者观，人性论翻译思想和节制说翻译思想。最后，笔

者总结了本次研究并提出了本次研究的局限性以及将来可拓展的研究。

接下来笔者将简单介绍一下梁实秋翻译思想的四个方面。

第一，梁实秋出生在一个中国传统家庭，深深地受儒家思想的影响。在哈

佛，他成为欧文·白壁德的一名学生，而欧文·白壁德的新人文主义在本质上与

儒家思想非常相似。因此，正是欧文·白壁德的新人文主义与传统儒家思想的结

合造就了梁实秋中庸翻译观的形成。

第二，翻译不单单是不同文字系统之间的一种转换，而且是一种创造性活

动。在翻译的过程中，译者是沟通原语文化和目的语文化的桥梁。译者在阅读

硕士学位论文

、理解、表达原语的时候会不自觉地将他的生活经历、个性特征、美学观以及习

惯融入进去。正是基于这个理论，梁实秋翻译思想的一个方面—译者观将被研究。

它包括两点：译者的翻译态度和译者的翻译方法。

第三，人性论翻译思想。人性论是梁实秋文艺思想的主要部分，因此不可

避免地影响到他的翻译思想。他选择翻译莎士比亚作品的原因就是他认为莎士比

亚的作品反映了永久的人性。

第四，节制说翻译思想。梁实秋深深受欧文·白壁德新人文主义的影响。

新人文主义的核心是个人的欲望和冲动受理性内在的控制。欧文·白壁德的新人

文主义不仅对梁实秋的文艺思想产生很大的影响，而且也对他的翻译思想产生很

大的影响。

关键词：梁实秋；文化转向；翻译思想；翻译研究

硕士学位论文

V-

Contents

Introduction..................................................................................................................1

Chapter 1 Literature Review…………………………………………………3

1.1 Studies on Liang Shiqiu…………………………………………………3

1.2 Studies on Liang Shiqiu as a Translator………………………………….4

1.3 Summary…………………………………………………………………..7

Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundation……………………………………………..9

2.1 Theory of Cultural Turn……………………………………………………..9

2.2 The Subjectivity of the Translator…………………………………..………11

Chapter 3 Liang Shiqiu’s Translation Thought………………………………14

3.1 A Brief Introduction to Liang Shiqiu…………………………………14

3.2 Liang Shiqiu’s Translation Thought……………………………………15

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….40

Bibliography..............................................................................................................42

硕士学位论文

Introduction

The study of translation involves translation theory, the history and criticism of

translation. This thesis dedicates to the study of the translator, Liang Shiqiu, which

belongs to the study of the translation history. The intention of this thesis has mainly

two points as follows.

First, the author of this thesis intends to do her bit to enhance the translation

studies as an independent discipline. It is of great importance to the construction of

translation studies by means of exploring the translation activity of the outstanding

translators in the history of translation, summing up their translation experience as well

as their translation thought.

Second, since translation studies began to be made in the cultural perspective,

many issues which had not been recognized before have suddenly appeared. One of

them is the subject of literary translation. Therefore, the study of translators has become

an important part of translation studies. Among the translators I chose Liang Shiqiu as

the subject, because on the one hand, he made a lot of translation practice, but his ideas

on translation were not known to us; on the other hand, his contributions to translation

had not been adequately paid attention to due to some reasons or other. This thesis,

based on the translator’s subjectivity, attempts to make a detailed analysis and a

systematic study of Liang Shiqiu’s translation thought together with some examples

taken from his translated works.

This is a research of great significance to the study of translation history, the

study of Shakespeare and to the understanding of cultural identity under global context.

First, the study of translators is an important part of translation history. It will

exert a great help to know the history of translation by focusing on the great translator

and summarizing his translation thought. Liang Shiqiu was born in an age when the

Chinese society was full of revolutions. To know the Chinese traditional translation

thought of that age, one has to be familiar with the translation thought of these

representative translators at that time. Liang Shiqiu had gained an important position in

the translation history of China with his extraordinary translation style. So the study of

his translation thought will help us to better understand the translation history of China.

Second, Liang Shiqiu is the first one to have translated the complete works of

Shakespeare into Chinese. Therefore, the study of his translation thought will be of

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摘要：

硕士学位论文--I-ABSTRACTThisthesisattemptstoapplyAndréLefevereandSusanBassnett’stheoryof“culturalturn”tostudiesofLiangShiqiu’stranslationthoughtbyadoptinganinductivemethod.Forlong,translationstudieshavebeenbasedonlinguistics.Butsincethe1970s,“theculturalturn”proposedbyAndréLefevereandSusanBassnetthasprovi...

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