浙江省中小企业税收遵从研究

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3.0 周伟光 2024-09-20 4 4 480.45KB 55 页 150积分
侵权投诉
硕士学位论文
II
税收遵从水平的高低意味着纳税人遵从税收法制、履行纳税义务的程度。离开
了纳税人的遵从,设计得再好的税制也将形同虚设。
目前,浙江省中小企业的税收遵从水平还不高,税收流失比较严重。在此背景
下,本文试图在借鉴国内外税收遵从研究成果的基础上,分析纳税服务,税收负
担,公共产品,税务稽查,税务处罚对浙江省中小企业税收遵从的影响,并在上
述分析的基础上,测算浙江省中小企业的税收遵从度。
由于,浙江省中小企业税收遵从中存在的问题与我国其他地区中小企业税收遵
从中存在的问题相类似,从这个角度讲,有着共性的地方。但是,由于浙江省中
小企业相对规模较大,地方经济较为发达,理论上讲,其税收遵从方面应该有自
己的特点才对。为此,本文会先分析我国在税收遵从中存在的问题,而后分析问
卷中反映的浙江省中小企业税收遵从中存在的问题。
本文的主要观点和研究结果如下:
1.在纳税服务方面,本文分析了国外纳税服务的一般经验,即:强调保障纳税
人权利;纳税服务标准明细化;为纳税人提供分类服务;重视志愿者服务等。然
后指出了我国在这些方面的不足,如在税收宣传中,强化纳税人义务,弱化纳税
人权利;缺乏纳税人公益诉讼制度;纳税服务标准缺乏统一的硬性规定;尚没有
根据纳税人的不同特点,为他们提供量身定做式的服务;纳税志愿者服务深度、
广度还不够等。并在上述分析的基础上,通过问卷获得的数据,分析了浙江省中
小企业反映的纳税服务等方面的不足。
2.在税收负担、公共产品提供方面,本文通过分析国内外对税收负担轻重的衡
量标准,指出可用宏观税负和公共产品提供情况来衡量我国的税收负担轻重与否。
在税收负担方面,通过比较大口径宏观税负的不同测算方式,得出虽然不同测算
方式下得出的大口径宏观税负具体值稍有差异,但历年大体都在 30%左右。在公共
产品的提供情况上,本文计算了教育、医疗、住房、社会保障等民生性公共产品
和行政管理经费等非民生性公共产品与财政支出及 GDP 的比重,并与发达国家进
行横向比较。通过研究发现,我国存在着宏观税负偏高,公共产品提供结构不合
理等问题。然后在上述分析的基础上,通过问卷获得的数据,分析了浙江省中小
企业反映的税收负担、公共产品等方面的不足。
3.在税务稽查、税务处罚方面,本文从理论和模型两个角度探讨了其对税收遵
从的影响,并分析了我国目前在税务稽查、处罚方面的不足。得出:在税务稽查
方面,我国存在着税务稽查选案准确率低;税务稽查部门内外部衔接不紧密;重
复稽查现象较严重;税收检察权过小等问题。在税务处罚方面,我国存在着实际
处罚率与名义处罚率相差悬殊;重人身自由罚,轻财产罚;税务处罚方式较少;
税务机关自由裁量权过大等问题。然后在上述分析的基础上,通过问卷获得的数
硕士学位论文
III
据,分析了浙江省中小企业反映的税务稽查、税务处罚等方面的不足。
4.在税收遵从度测算方面,本文选取了对浙江省中小企业影响较大的纳税意
识,公共产品,纳税服务,税收负担,政策稳定,稽查效率,税制改革,处罚力
度,从众行为这九项指标,并利用公式测算遵从度。经测算得出,浙江省中小企
业纳税人的税收遵从度为 68.98,还存在一定的提升空间,同时也对这九个因素按
其对浙江省中小企业税收遵从的影响力强弱进行了排序,依次为:处罚力度,稽
查效率,公共产品,税收负担,纳税服务,从众行为,税制改革,政策稳定,纳
税意识。前五个因素正好为本章前面分析的影响浙江省中小企业税收遵从的因素。
5.在浙江省中小企业税收遵从相关政策建议探讨方面,本文主要从制定纳税人
权利法案、建立纳税人公益诉讼制度、提高稽查选案准确率、构建我国信用管理
体系、控制税务机关的自由裁量权等方面来加以分析。
关键词:税收遵从;纳税服务;税收负担;公共产品
ABSTRACT
The level of tax compliance means the extent of taxpayers comply with tax law and
fulfill tax liability. Without taxpayers compliance, the tax system will be useless no
硕士学位论文
IV
matter how well it designed.
At present, the tax compliance of small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang
province is not high and the tax lose is relatively serious. In this context, this paper tried
to learn from domestic and international tax compliance research, and on that base,
analyze the impact of tax service, tax burden, public goods, tax audit, tax penalty on tax
compliance of small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang province. On the basis of the
above analysis, measure tax compliance degree of small and medial enterprise in
Zhejiang province.
The main point and research findings of this paper are as follows.
Of the tax service, this paper analyzes the general experience of tax services of
foreign countries, namely: stress protection of taxpayers rights, detail standards of tax
services, provide classification services for the taxpayers, emphasis on volunteer
services, and point out the problems in these areas of our country, such as, on tax
propaganda, strengthen the obligations of taxpayers, weakening the rights of taxpayers,
lack of public interest litigation system for taxpayers, lack of uniform rigid rules for tax
services standards, yet not provide exact service on the base of the different
characteristics of the taxpayers, the depth and breadth of tax volunteer service is not
enough. Based on the above analysis and data obtained through questionnaires, analyze
the problems on tax services reflected by small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang
province.
Of the tax burden, public goods provision, by analyzing the standard to judge tax
burden heavy or not at home and abroad, point out that the overall tax burden and public
goods can to used to judge tax burden of our country. In the tax burden, by comparing
the different measurement methods of large-diameter macro tax burden, point out that
although the concrete value of large-diameter macro tax burden slightly different, but in
general have been about 30% over the years. In the provision of public goods, this paper
calculated the ratio of welfare public goods, such as, education, health care, housing,
social security , and non-welfare public goods, such as, administration expense, to
financial expenditure and GDP, then make horizontal comparison with developed
country. Through research found that out country have the problem of high macro tax
burden and irrational public goods provision structure. Then, on the base of above
analysis and date obtained through questionnaires, analyze the shortcomings on tax
burden and public goods reflected by small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang province.
Of the tax audit, tax penalties, this paper analyzes its impact on tax compliance
硕士学位论文
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from both theory and modeling perspectives, and analyzes its problem in our current
country. Form the analysis, we can get that our country exists the following problems:
low audit election accuracy rate, the internal and external linkup of tax audit department
is not close, repeat inspection phenomenon is serious, tax inspect right is small. On the
aspect of tax penalties, our country has following problems: the actual penalty and the
nominal penalty rate are significant different, heavy physical punishment, light
economic punishment, the ways of tax punishment less, free judgment rights of tax
authorities large. Then, on the base of above analysis and date obtained through
questionnaires, analyze the problems on tax audit and tax penalty reflected by small and
medial enterprises in Zhejiang province.
Of the degree of tax compliance measurement, this paper selected nine indicators
which have great impact on small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang province, that is:
tax awareness, public goods, tax service, tax burden, policy stability, inspection
efficiency, tax reform, tax punishment,, then using the formula measuring tax
compliance degree. From the calculation, we can obtain that the degree is 68.98, there is
also some room for improvement, then the paper sorted the indicators, by the extent of
influence, as follows: punishment, inspection efficiency, public goods, tax burden, tax
services, pursue behavior, tax reform, policy stability, tax awareness. The first five
indicators, just are the factors we discussed above.
Of the relevant policy recommendation on tax compliance, since the tax compliance
degree of small and medial enterprises in Zhejiang province can not enhance
inseparable from national law and regulations. So this paper is mainly on the platform
of the country to establish the policy, which includes, constitute taxpayers rights law,
establish taxpayers public interest litigation system, improve inspection election
accuracy, build China's credit management system, control the free judgement right of
tax authorities, etc.
Key Words: tax compliance; tax service; tax burden; public goods
硕士学位论文
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目录
第一章 导 论................................................................................................................. 1
第一节 问题的提出................................................................................................ 1
第二节 研究的意义................................................................................................ 2
第三节 税收遵从的研究综述................................................................................ 2
第四节 税收遵从的相关概念介绍........................................................................ 3
第五节 研究思路、创新及不足之处.................................................................... 6
第二章 纳税服务与浙江省中小企业税收遵从...........................................................7
第一节 纳税服务的相关理论阐述........................................................................ 7
第二节 纳税服务的国外经验借鉴........................................................................ 8
第三节 浙江省中小企业纳税服务中存在的问题.............................................. 11
第三章 税收负担、公共产品与浙江省中小企业税收遵从.....................................14
第一节 税收负担衡量.......................................................................................... 14
第二节 公共产品提供情况.................................................................................. 16
第三节 浙江省中小企业税收负担、公共产品中存在的问题.......................... 21
第四章 税务稽查、税务处罚与浙江省中小企业税收遵从.....................................22
第一节 税务稽查、税务处罚与纳税人税收遵从决策...................................... 22
第二节 浙江省中小企业税务稽查中存在的问题.............................................. 24
第三节 浙江省中小企业税务处罚中存在的问题.............................................. 28
第五章 浙江省中小企业税收遵从的实证研究.........................................................31
第一节 样本选择与问卷调查.............................................................................. 31
第二节 浙江省中小企业税收遵从度的测算公式.............................................. 31
第三节 结果分析.................................................................................................. 32
第六章 提高浙江省中小企业税收遵从度的政策建议探讨.....................................36
第一节 制定纳税人权利法案,明确纳税人的具体权利.................................. 36
第二节 建立纳税人公益诉讼制度...................................................................... 38
第三节 科学选案,提高税务稽查选案准确率.................................................. 39
第四节 构建我国的信用管理体系...................................................................... 40
第五节 控制税务机关的自由裁量权.................................................................. 42
参考文献......................................................................................................................... 44
附录:............................................................................................................................. 47
硕士学位论文
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第一章 导 论
第一节 问题的提出
自从有税收以来,就伴随着纳税人偷逃税与政府打击偷逃税、提高纳税人税收
遵从度的不懈斗争。
目前,我国税收遵从水平还不高,税收不遵从特别是其中的逃税问题已成为一
个难题困扰着我国政府。尽管许多学者对我国税收流失规模的估计并不一致,但
从 2002 年到 2006 年全国税务稽查查处税收违法案件的统计情况看(见表 1-1)
六年来平均每年查补总额约为 380 亿元;而罚款率都在 20%以下;通过强制执法取
得的查补收入中平均每年有 7.5%未能缴入国库;查出的税收违法户数占检查户数
的比率(即查实率)每年都在 52%以上。这些都说明了我国的税收不遵从问题是相
当严重的。如果再考虑到税务机关的检查水平和公安机关的侦查水平以及我国的
特有的人情关系与社会腐败交叉融合的现实环境,那么实际上的税收不遵从程度
很可能大大高于这些统计数据。显然,研究税收遵从问题,并探讨相应对策,仍
是今后相当长时期的一个重大课题。
表 1-1 2001 年到 2006 年全国税务稽查查处税收违法案件概况
年度 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
检查户数(万户) 259.7 206.29 150.5 122.9 107.6 86
检查面 10.6% 8.1% 5.5% 4.3% 3.5% /
税收违法户数(万户) 142.1 108.99 81.3 67.3 63.5 /
查实率 54.7% 52.8% 54.7% 54.8% 59.0% /
查补收入
(亿元)
总额 408.9 393.32 359.1 367.6 361.3 386.4
补税 343.4 329.98 292.7 293.8 285.9 /
罚款 48.2 46.6 48.3 54.4 54.6 /
罚款率 17.2% 14.1% 16.5% 18.5% 19.1% /
查补收入入库率 90.6% 93% 94.9% 92.3% 91.3% /
资料来源:2002-2007 年《中国税务年鉴》
目前,浙江省中小企业的税收遵从水平还不高,税收流失较严重。而对这方面
的相关研究还较少,尤其是在遵从度测算等方面,本文试图通过问卷调查等方式
对浙江省中小企业税收遵从问题进行研究分析,并测算其税收遵从度。
摘要:

硕士学位论文II税收遵从水平的高低意味着纳税人遵从税收法制、履行纳税义务的程度。离开了纳税人的遵从,设计得再好的税制也将形同虚设。目前,浙江省中小企业的税收遵从水平还不高,税收流失比较严重。在此背景下,本文试图在借鉴国内外税收遵从研究成果的基础上,分析纳税服务,税收负担,公共产品,税务稽查,税务处罚对浙江省中小企业税收遵从的影响,并在上述分析的基础上,测算浙江省中小企业的税收遵从度。由于,浙江省中小企业税收遵从中存在的问题与我国其他地区中小企业税收遵从中存在的问题相类似,从这个角度讲,有着共性的地方。但是,由于浙江省中小企业相对规模较大,地方经济较为发达,理论上讲,其税收遵从方面应该有自己的特...

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作者:周伟光 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:55 页 大小:480.45KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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