支持供应链的工作流系统结构及其计划与调度的研究与应用

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3.0 陈辉 2025-01-09 11 4 9.42MB 88 页 15积分
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摘 要
企业计算机应用发展经历了五个阶段：单功能应用、部门级的集成应用、
企业范围内集成应用、集成客户与供应商、跨企业集成与动态电子商务。前三
个企业计算机应用阶段主要是企业内部信息集成，从供应链管理技术的应用开
始，企业的计算机应用已经进入跨企业的信息集成。跨企业的分布式工作流管
理作为一种群体协同技术，在当今企业计算机应用中有着重要的地位。
本文主要针对工作流管理系统在实际应用中集成能力差、互操作性不高、
模型缺乏对分布式环境支持等缺点，讨论了工作流管理系统在供应链框架下应
用的必要性。在基于上述认识的基础上，本文提出了一个支持供应链的，基于
代理技术的工作流系统结构模型。
首先，对工作流管理的研究现状和实际应用情况进行了综述，进而提出了
本文的研究目标。
其次，讨论了工作流系统的主要组成部分和实现技术。为了支持供应链上
不同工作流系统的互操作性，本文讨论了互操作的实现环境、实现要求和实现
技术，同时提出了一个可以实现互操作的接口模型。
由于企业以分布、协调的方式实现生产任务的新的组织模式给制造业生产
调度方式提出了挑战，本文讨论了基于工作流技术在这种分布式环境，在资源
有限和任务完成时间约束情况下，对系统中任务执行的顺序和资源的优化分配
方法。
接着，通过引入 UML 技术来描述过程模型的方法，使用了基于 UML 的扩展
实现了对 DNPWorkFlow 过程模型、组织模型、资源模型和工作流相关数据的描
述。接着本文对 DNPWorkFlow 的实现部分进行概述，并且对过程的定义、解析、
转换和引擎的实现机制进行了介绍。
最后，对本文做出总结和展望。
关键词：工作流 供应链 分布式技术 过程模型 计划与调度
ABSTRACT
The development of enterprise computer applications goes through five phases:
single function applications, department integrated applications, enterprise
integrated applications, customer and supplying manufacturer integrated
applications, inter-enterprise integration and dynamic e-business applications. The
first three phases focus on the enterprise information integration, and in the last two
phases enterprise computer application is inter-enterprise information integration.
Inter-enterprise distributed workflow management is of great importance in the
current enterprise computer applications.
This paper discusses the flaws of workflow management systems in integration,
inter-operation and supporting the distributed circumstances at present, and also
discusses the importance of application of workflow management in the framework
of supply chain. On the basis of the above, we propose a workflow system
architecture which is agent technology based and supports the supply chain.
First, we make a systematic analysis of workflow management both in research
and practical uses, and the objective of this thesis is presented.
Second, the main components of workflow management and technologies used
to implement them are discussed. In order to support the inter-operations on the
supply chain, we discuss the inter-operations’ circumstance, special requirements
and crucial technologies. And then an interface model is proposed.
Because the new organization style of departments in enterprises gives us the
great challenge of scheduling methods in such a distributed circumstance, we
discuss the method of how to optimize the execution of task sequence and the
allocation of resources.
Then, we introduce the process modeling method using UML and expand it to
describe the process model, organization model, resource model and workflow
relevant data of DNPWorkFlow which is developed by us. Also, we discuss the
brief implementation mechanism, and next the detailed descriptions of process
definition, parse, conversion and the mechanism of how to run the engine are
presented.
In the end, we make a summary, and also, the prospect of research in this field.
Key Words ：Workflow, Supply Chain, Distributed Technology ，
Process Model, Planning and Scheduling
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ·······················································································1
§1.1 引言 ·····················································································1
§1.2 工作流技术综述 ····································································· 2
§1.2.1 工作流技术的起源和发展 ·················································2
§1.2.2 工作流和工作流管理系统的定义 ········································3
§1.2.3 工作流技术的发展现状及发展方向 ·····································3
§1.2.4 Web Service 等新一代信息技术的产生对工作流系统的影响 ···· 5
§1.3 论文的研究内容 ····································································· 6
第二章 工作流系统主要组成部分与主要实现技术 ······································· 7
§2.1 工作流系统概述 ····································································· 7
§2.1.1 工作流系统特性 ····························································· 7
§2.1.2 通用工作流产品体系结构 ·················································7
§2.2 工作流系统参考模型 ······························································· 8
§2.2.1 工作流参考模型 ····························································· 8
§2.2.2 工作流过程定义工具与过程定义交换 ································ 10
§2.2.3 工作流执行服务 ····························································11
§2.2.4 工作流管理 ··································································14
§2.2.5 客户应用与工作流调用的应用 ········································· 15
§2.3 主要实现技术 WebService 介绍 ················································ 16
§2.3.1 WebService 体系结构 ·····················································16
§2.3.2 WebServices 关键技术 ··················································· 17
§2.4 本章小节 ············································································· 18
第三章 供应链框架下的工作流系统的分布式协作架构 ································19
§3.1 概述 ····················································································19
§3.2 工作流中代理技术的引入 ························································20
§3.2.1 工作流面临的问题 ························································· 20
§3.2.2 代理的引入 ··································································20
§3.2.3 基于代理技术的工作流系统模型的设计方向 ······················· 21
§3.3 基于代理的系统结构 ······························································22
§3.4 工作流之间互操作接口的设计 ··················································24
§3.4.1 基于供应链的工作流系统架构模型的要求 ·························· 24
§3.4.2 接口设计 ·····································································25
§3.4.3 系统的优点 ··································································27
§3.5 本章小节 ··············································································27
第四章 DNPWorkFlow 计划与调度模块 ······················································ 28
§4.1 概论 ··················································································· 28
§4.2 DNPWorkFlow 计划与调度模块的运行机制 ··································· 29
§4.2.1 传统模型的局限性和在工作流环境下新的要求 ···················· 29
§4.2.2 模型的基本单元 ··························································· 30
§4.2.3 计划与调度机制 ··························································· 33
§4.3 DNPWorkFlow 计划与调度模块的资源模型的建立 ·························· 34
§4.3.1 资源定义 ·····································································34
§4.3.2 资源管理方法 ······························································ 35
§4.3.3 按周期进行资源更新的方法 ············································ 35
§4.4 算法模型 ··············································································36
§4.4.1 计划过程 ·····································································36
§4.4.2 算法模型 ·····································································37
§4.5 本章小节 ··············································································47
第五章 DNPWorkFlow 过程管理与控制模块 ················································48
§5.1 概述 ··················································································· 48
§5.2 用 UML 描述工作流管理系统 ····················································· 49
§5.2.1 统一建模语言（UML）简介 ··············································49
§5.2.2 工作流概念映射到 UML 概念 ············································· 49
§5.2.3 基于 UML 的扩展描述工作流过程模型的合理性 ···················· 53
§5.3 DNPWorkFlow 的工作流模型 ····················································· 54
§5.3.1 过程模型 ·····································································54
§5.3.1.1 活动 ·································································· 54
§5.3.1.2 转移链 ······························································· 56
§5.3.1.3 状态 ·································································· 57
§5.3.1.4 条件 ·································································· 59
§5.3.2 组织模型 ·····································································59
§5.3.2.1 组织模型概述 ······················································ 59
§5.3.2.2 DNPWorkFlow 的柔性组织建模方法 ····························60
§5.3.2.3 DNPWorkFlow 的组织模型实现机制 ····························63
§5.3.3 资源模型 ·····································································64
§5.3.3.1 企业的资源结构 ··················································· 64
§5.3.3.2 基于对象的资源建模方法 ······································· 65
§5.3.3.3 资源模型与过程模型的映射与解耦 ···························66
§5.3.3.4 企业资源建模实现机制 ·········································· 67
§5.3.4 工作流相关数据 ··························································· 67
§5.4 DNPWorkFlow 的系统结构介绍 ·················································· 68
§5.4.1 概述 ···········································································68
§5.4.2 过程的定义、解析和转换的设计简介 ·································70
§5.4.2.1 活动(Activity)： ················································ 70
§5.4.2.2 应用程序(Application) ········································ 70
§5.4.2.3 条件(Condition) ··················································71
§5.4.2.4 解析器(Parser) ··················································· 72
§5.4.2.5 工作流参与者(Participant) ·································· 72
§5.4.2.6 转移(Transition) ················································ 73
§5.4.2.7 工作流实体(WorkFlow) ·········································· 74
§5.4.3 引擎的实现机制简介 ····················································· 75
§5.4.2.1 引擎结构(Engine) ················································ 75
§5.4.2.2 持久化机制(Persistence) ····································· 76
§5.4.2.3 工作项(WorkItem) ················································ 76
§5.4.2.4 事件机制(WorkFlowEvent) ····································· 77
§5.5 本章小节 ············································································· 77
第六章 总结与展望 ··············································································79
§6.1 论文主要工作概述 ·································································79
§6.2 未来工作展望 ·······································································80
参考文献 ··························································································· 81
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ································· 84
致 谢 ······························································································85
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
§1.1 引言
自20 世纪 70 年代以来，世界市场已经由传统的相对稳定逐步演变成动态多
变的市场。制造企业面临着日益激烈的全球化市场竞争，而其竞争的核心就是以
知识为基础的新产品的竞争。在这样激烈的竞争中，要想求得生存和发展，制造
企业的眼光不能只局限于片面的追求利润，而应不断缩短产品的开发周期（T），
提高产品的质量（Q），不断降低产品成本（C），改善服务（S），并不断加强环境
意识（E）。
在当前激烈的竞争中，需求变化非常迅速的市场环境下，传统的制造业正在
发生着深刻的变革，先进制造技术正显著的提高企业的产品质量、经济效益和市
场竞争力。越来越多的企业将先进制造技术作为企业适应迅速多变的市场需求和
提高竞争力的主要手段。先进制造技术还在大幅度改善企业产品结构、生产过程
和经营管理模式上发挥重要的作用。越来越多的企业把能够高质量、快响应、灵
活、敏捷的满足客户需求的先进制造技术作为企业继续生存并保持发展的有效途
径。
并行工程、敏捷制造、虚拟制造、供应链管理、企业经营过程重组等统称为
先进制造技术。这些新技术的一个共同特点是强调过程集成和过程重组，这也是
先进制造技术明显区别于传统制造技术单纯从技术角度提高设计水平、制造手段
与生产率的做法。先进制造技术更强调管理技术、制造技术与信息技术的结合。
而且，先进制造技术的出现，使得企业的组织结构也在从传统的功能组织结构向
过程组织结构变化。
随着企业经营过程重组概念和方法在企业中受重视程度的提高，随着先进制
造战略在企业中的不断实施，随着企业的组织模式从面向功能的组织结构到面向
过程的组织结构的逐步转变，作为支持过程建模、优化分析、经营过程自动化的
有效支持工具，工作流管理技术与工作流管理系统软件在近年来得到了广泛的重
视，其发展十分迅速。
工作流技术是实现企业业务过程建模、业务过程仿真分析、业务过程优化、
业务过程管理与集成，从而最终实现业务过程自动化的核心技术。企业利用工作
流方法进行业务过程的建模和深入分析，不仅可以规范化企业的业务流程，发现
业务流程中不合理的环节，进而对企业的业务过程进行优化重组，而且所建立的
业务过程模型本身就是企业非常重要的知识库和规则库，可以成为指导企业实施
计算机管理信息系统的模型。在深入分析企业需求基础上建立的企业业务模型可
以在很大程度上提高企业实施 ERP 或者其他管理信息系统的成功率。所以，大力
发展并推广工作流技术对于促进企业管理规范化和信息化有重要的现实意义。
支持供应链的工作流系统结构及其计划与调度的研究与应用.pdf

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作者：陈辉 分类：高等教育资料 价格：15积分 属性：88 页 大小：9.42MB 格式：PDF 时间：2025-01-09

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