结合改性活炭的负离子加催化协同去除甲醛 SO2的研究
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摘 要
随着我国经济的飞速发展，人们居住条件明显改善，大量装修材料和家电设
备进入室内，造成了室内空气的严重污染。此外，居住建筑密闭性的增强，工业
污染物和汽车尾气的大量排放，使得室外新风不“足”、不“新”，进一步加剧了
室内空气污染。在室内污染物中，有机气体甲醛和无机气体 SO2污染严重，且对
人体危害较大，而相应的净化技术却不够完善。因此，对甲醛/SO2净化技术的研
究对于改善室内空气质量有着重要的意义。通过综合比较多种净化方法，提出了
一种结合改性活性炭的负离子加催化技术。该组合技术以改性活性炭吸附法为主
体；配合负离子法，利用负离子以及负离子产生中伴随的臭氧（O3）来净化污染
气体，加入了高效过滤器配合负离子的净化；再结合催化法，分解多余 O3，加速
对甲醛/SO2净化反应。目前，虽然对单独的改性活性炭吸附法、负离子法、催化
法去除甲醛/SO2的研究较多，但将三者组合起来，对结合改性活性炭的负离子加
催化协同去除甲醛/SO2的研究却较少。
首先，对单独的改性活性炭吸附法、负离子法及催化法去除甲醛和 SO2的机
理进行了分析；然后，对结合改性活性炭的负离子加催化协同去除甲醛、SO2及
控制 O3的机理和优势进行了分析，并在此基础上设计了该组合技术的方案，介
绍了方案的具体实施；接着，为了对该组合技术理论上的净化优势进行定性验证
和定量研究，在风道式空气净化性能测试台上对不同组合的过滤器进行了去除甲
醛和 SO2的一次净化效率和 O3分解效果测试；最后，为了研究该组合技术在空
气净化器整机中的应用性，设计了一台应用了该组合技术的空气净化器，依据
GB/T 18801-2008《空气净化器》中的方法，对净化器样机进行了去除甲醛和
PM2.5 的性能测试，并将测试结果与市场上净化器的测试结果进行了比较。
由对甲醛和 SO2一次净化效率的实验数据可知：在 0.8m/s 的风速下，一方面，
当释放的甲醛气体上游浓度在0.2~1.0mg/m³时，蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤
器比蜂窝状改性活性炭过滤器对甲醛的一次净化效率提高了2.2~2.9 个百分点；
而负离子发生器开启下，在蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器的基础上又提升了
4.9~6.5 个百分点；高效过滤器的参与，在负离子发生器与蜂窝状改性活性炭+催
化剂过滤器串联的基础上再次提升了 1.4~2.0 个百分点。另一方面，当释放的 SO2
气体上游浓度在0.6~3.0mg/m³时，蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器比蜂窝状改
性活性炭过滤器对 SO2的一次净化效率提高了 11.3~14.9 个百分点；而负离子发
生器开启下，在蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器的基础上又提升了 2.1~3.9 个百
分点；高效过滤器的参与，在负离子发生器与蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器
串联的基础上再次提升了 2.9~3.7 个百分点。可见，改性活性炭+催化剂与单独的
改性活性炭相比有利于提高对甲醛和 SO2的净化性能，负离子法的参与能进一步
提高改性活性炭+催化剂去除甲醛和 SO2的净化性能，而高效过滤器的协同，更
进一步提高了负离子法参与下改性活性炭+催化剂的净化性能。然而，该组合技
术协同净化甲醛和 SO2的过程较为复杂，对其机理还需进一步研究，这样才找到
最佳反应条件，进一步提高对甲醛和 SO2的净化效果。
由对负离子发生器产生的 O3浓度的测试数据可知，在 0.8m/s 风速下，当试
验过滤器上游存在 0.2~1.0mg/m³的甲醛气体，或者 0.6~3.0mg/m³的SO2气体时，
蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器对 O3的分解率为 88.2%~97.6%，然而此时仍有
50%的工况下试验过滤器下游 O3浓度超过国家标准。当蜂窝状过滤器的厚度由
22mm 增至 25mm 后，O3分解率为 92.9%，且试验过滤器下游 O3浓度未超过国标
限值。可见，蜂窝状改性活性炭+催化剂过滤器对 O3有较高的分解率，且增加过
滤器的厚度，对控制 O3浓度有利。
对应用了该组合技术的空气净化器样机的测试结果显示，样机对甲醛的洁净
空气量为 46.1m³/h，在 60min 内的去除率为 78.5%；对 PM2.5 的洁净空气量为
407.9m3/h，在 18min 内的去除率为 98.3%，与市场上产品相比净化性能较高。
综上所述，结合改性活性炭的负离子加催化技术与改性活性炭、改性活性炭
+催化剂、负离子发生器开启下的改性活性炭+催化剂相比，对甲醛/SO2的一次净
化效率最高，且对 O3浓度有较好的控制效果，在净化器整机中应用效果较好。
研究成果为净化室内甲醛和 SO2提供了一种有一定应用性的改进的方法。
关键词：改性活性炭吸附法 负离子法 催化法 O3 高效过滤器 甲醛
SO2 一次净化效率
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the national economy, residents’ living conditions
have improved significantly, thus a large number of decoration materials and household
appliance are brought indoor, which results in serious indoor air pollution. In addition,
more and more airtight residential buildings, lots of emissions by industrial pollutants
and vehicle exhaust have made the outside air neither enough nor fresh, which further
exacerbate the indoor air pollution. Among the indoor contaminations, organic gas
formaldehyde and inorganic gas SO2 are particularly serious, and both are very harmful
to human health, however, the corresponding purification technology are not very
perfect. Therefore, research on purifying formaldehyde and SO2 are very important for
improving the indoor air quality.
By comparing various kinds of purification methods, modified carbon adsorption
combined with anion and catalyst technique was proposed. In this combined
purification technique, modified carbon adsorption was chosen as the main method, and
the anion method was chosen as the auxiliary by using the purification performance of
the anion and ozone produced coincide, and the high efficiency particulate air filter was
adopt for cooperating with anion, moreover, catalysts was added for decomposing the
rest of ozone and accelerating the removal of formaldehyde and SO2. Lots of previously
studies only considered on using the modified carbon adsorption, anion and catalyst
respectively, rather than using the combined purification method of these three on
purifying formaldehyde and SO2.
Firstly, the respective purification mechanism of modified carbon adsorption, anion
and catalytic technique on purifying formaldehyde and SO2 were analyzed. Then, the
mechanism and the advantages of the combined purification technique with all these
three were introduced, on this basis, the purification scheme and the concrete
implementation of the combined purification technique were presented. After that, in
order to validate the advantages of the combined purification technique qualitatively
and to research it quantitatively, the instantaneous purification efficiency on
formaldehyde and SO2 and the effect of ozone decomposition of the filters with
different combinations were tested on the duct type air purification performance test bed.
Finally, for studying the applicability of the combined purification technique in air
cleaner, an air cleaner applied with this combined technique was designed and
accomplished, and its purification performance on formaldehyde and PM2.5 were tested
in a 30 m3 environmental chamber according to the method specified in GB/T 18801-
2008 “air cleaner”. In addition, the test results of this air cleaner was compared with
others in the market.
According to the test data of the instantaneous purification efficiency on
formaldehyde and SO2, at the wind speed of 0.8m/s, on one hand, when the upstream
concentration of formaldehyde was during 0.2~1.0 mg/m3, the instantaneous
purification efficiency of honeycomb air filter filled with modified active carbon and
catalyst was 2.2%~2.9% higher than honeycomb air filter just filled with modified
active carbon, and when the anion generator was working, the instantaneous purification
efficiency of honeycomb air filter filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was
improved by 4.9%~6.5%, further more, when the high efficiency particulate air filter
was working, the instantaneous purification efficiency of the in line filter of the anion
generator and honeycomb air filter filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was
improved by 1.4%~2.0%. On the other hand, when the upstream concentration of SO2
was during 0.6~3.0 mg/m3, the instantaneous purification efficiency of honeycomb air
filter filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was 11.3%~14.9% higher than
honeycomb air filter just filled with modified active carbon, and when the anion
generator was working, the instantaneous purification efficiency of honeycomb air filter
filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was improved by 2.1%~3.9%, further
more, when the high efficiency particulate air filter was working, the instantaneous
purification efficiency of the in line filter of the anion generator and honeycomb air
filter filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was improved by 2.9%~3.7%. This
showed that to the instantaneous purification efficiency on formaldehyde and SO2,
modified active carbon coupled with catalyst was better than just the modified active
carbon, and the addition of anion generator was better than just the combination of
modified active carbon with catalyst, further more, the addition of high efficiency
particulate air filter on the in line filter of the anion generator and honeycomb air filter
filled with modified active carbon and catalyst was better than all the above. However,
the mechanism of the combined purification technique on purifying formaldehyde and
SO2 were very complicated, which needs more researches for finding the optimum
conditions to improve the instantaneous purification efficiency on purifying
formaldehyde and SO2.
The testing data of the downstream ozone concentration showed that, at the wind
speed of 0.8m/s, with 0.2~1.0 mg/m3 of formaldehyde or 0.6~3.0 mg/m3 of SO2 at the
filter upstream, the decomposition rate of honeycomb filter filled with modified active
carbon and catalyst for ozone was 88.2% ~ 97.6%, while there were still 50%
conditions of the ozone concentration exceeding the national standard. On the other
hand, when the thickness of honeycomb filter was increased from 22 to 25 mm, the
decomposition rate for ozone was 92.9%, and the downstream ozone concentration was
inside the national standard limit. It showed that the honeycomb filter filled with
modified active carbon and catalyst had certain effect on decomposing ozone, and the
increasing thickness of the honeycomb filter was beneficial for the decomposition rate
of ozone.
The test results of the air cleaner applied with the combined purification technique
showed that, for formaldehyde, the clean air delivery rate was 46.1m3/h, and the
removal rate was 78.5% in 60 minutes. On the other hand, for PM2.5, the clean air
delivery rate was 407.9m3/h, and the removal rate was 98.3% in 18 minutes. This was
better than many products in the market.
In conclusion, the modified carbon adsorption combined with anion and catalyst
technique showed the highest instantaneous purification efficiency on formaldehyde and
SO2, moreover, it had certain effect on decomposing ozone, and could be well applied to
the air cleaner. The research results provide an improved method on purifying indoor
formaldehyde and SO2.
Key words: modified activated carbon adsorption, anion, catalyst,
ozone, high efficiency particulate air filter, formaldehyde, SO2,
instantaneous purification efficiency
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 ......................................................... 1
1.1 课题来源及研究意义 ............................................ 1
1.2 国内外对甲醛/SO2净化技术的研究现状 ............................ 2
1.3 改性活性炭吸附法、负离子法以及催化法的研究现状 ................ 3
1.3.1 改性活性炭吸附法去除甲醛/SO2的研究现状 ..................... 3
1.3.2 负离子法去除甲醛/SO2的研究现状 ............................. 5
1.3.3 催化法去除甲醛/SO2的研究现状 ............................... 6
1.3.4 组合技术去除甲醛/SO2的研究现状 ............................. 7
1.4 本课题的研究思路以及主要内容 .................................. 8
1.4.1 本课题的研究思路 .......................................... 8
1.4.2 本课题主要研究内容 ........................................ 9
1.4.3 研究的关键技术及研究路线 .................................. 9
第二章 去除甲醛/SO2的机理分析 ....................................... 11
2.1 改性活性炭吸附法的净化机理 ................................... 11
2.1.1 改性活性炭的介绍及选择 ................................... 11
2.1.2 改性活性炭吸附法的基本净化机理 ........................... 13
2.1.3 KOH 改性活性炭吸附甲醛的机理 .............................. 14
2.1.4 KOH 改性活性炭吸附 SO2的机理 ............................... 15
2.2 负离子法的净化机理 ........................................... 17
2.2.1 负离子的介绍及发生技术选择 ............................... 17
2.2.2 负离子的净化机理 ......................................... 19
2.2.3 臭氧（O3）的净化机理 ...................................... 19
2.3 催化法的净化机理 ............................................. 20
2.3.1 催化剂的介绍和选择 ....................................... 21
2.3.2 催化反应的基本机理 ....................................... 22
2.3.3 MnO2催化分解 O3的机理 ..................................... 23
2.3.4 MnO2催化分解甲醛/SO2的机理 ................................ 23
2.4 本章小结 ..................................................... 24
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作者：侯斌
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：98 页
大小：6.29MB
格式：PDF
时间：2025-01-09
