稻草灰和硅藻土对上海土壤稠度和击实性影响的对比研究
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摘 要
目前国内外对于提高土壤的持水性能的研究较多，但研究均是从土壤学的角
度考虑改良土的持水性能，而岩土工程方面，专家学者更是从未考虑过用土体物
理性能参数用于土木工程以外的领域。本文试图通过岩土工程中的土体稠度和击
实性，来研究稻草灰和硅藻土掺入到土壤后对其产生的影响，运用岩土工程的知
识，结合农业工程方面知识，分析这些因素对改善土壤的持水能力的影响。为农
业土壤改良提供一种新的思路和方法。
稻草灰含有丰富的有机质，还含有 K、Ca、P等无机营养元素，它还是亲水物
质其表面既有巨大的表面能，又带有电荷，在灰土胶体表面能够能通过氢键等作
用吸附极性水分子，提高土壤的持水能力。而且我国秸秆年产量达 6亿多吨，燃
烧后产生的秸秆灰为稻草灰大规模推广应用提供保障。而硅藻土具有无毒，悬浮
性能好，吸附性能强，容重轻，细度均匀，混合均匀性好，在土壤中能起到保湿、
疏松土质、延长药效肥效时间，提高农作物生长效果等等诸多优点。将它与土壤
混合后，会很好改善土壤的持水能力。此外，我国硅藻土矿藏量居世界第二，为
大规模应用提供保障。
因此，本文选择稻草灰和硅藻土作为掺加剂，对上海滨海盐土、潮土、黄泥
盐化土，进行液塑限联合测定试验和击实试验，研究其对土壤液限、塑限、塑性
指数、最大干密度和最佳含水率的影响。同时，比较稻草灰和硅藻土的影响效果。
论文的主要研究成果如下：
（1）塑限、液限和塑性指数的影响
对于上海滨海盐土：稻草灰在灰土体积比为 30%时，塑限增长了 32.2%，液限
增长了 23.6%，而塑性指数增长了 10.7%；硅藻土在灰土比为 30%时，对液限和塑
性指数的影响效果最好，液限增长了 10.3%，而塑性指数增长了 33.4%。比较两种
掺加剂的影响效果可知：体积比为 30%时，稻草灰对于滨海盐土的液限效果最好，
而硅藻土对塑性指数效果最好。
对于上海潮土：稻草灰在灰土体积比为 20%时，液限和塑性指数最大，液限
增长了 51.9%，而塑性指数增长了 167.3%，灰土体积比为 30%时，塑限增长了 1.3%；
硅藻土在灰土比为 30%时，对塑限、液限和塑性指数的影响效果最好，塑限增长
了1.3%，液限增长了 15.5%，塑性指数增长了 44.4%。比较两种掺加剂的影响效
果可知：体积比为 20%时，稻草灰对于潮土的液限和塑性指数效果最好。
对于上海黄泥盐化土：稻草灰在灰土体积比为 30%时，对液限和塑性指数的
影响效果最好，液限增长了 17.6%，而塑性指数增长了 21.3%，体积比为 20%时，
塑限增长了 18.9%；硅藻土在灰土比为 30%时，对液限和塑性指数的影响效果最好，
液限增长了 4.8%，而塑性指数增长了 4.2%，灰土体积比为 20%时，塑限增长了
12.1%。比较两种掺加剂的影响效果可知：体积比为 30%时，稻草灰对于黄泥盐化
土的液限和塑性指数效果最好。
（2）最大干密度和最佳含水率的影响
对于上海滨海盐土：稻草灰和硅藻土都能显著改善土壤的最大干密度和最佳
含水率。两者均呈现随着含量的增大，土壤的最佳含水率逐渐增大，而最大干密
度逐渐减小的规律。比较两种掺加剂的影响效果可知：随着含量的增大，硅藻土
的作用更加显著。
对于上海潮土：稻草灰和硅藻土都能显著改善土壤的最大干密度和最佳含水
率。两者均呈现随着含量的增大，土壤的最佳含水率逐渐增大，而最大干密度逐
渐减小的规律。比较两种掺加剂的影响效果可知：随着含量的增大，硅藻土的作
用更加显著。
对于上海黄泥盐化土：稻草灰和硅藻土都能显著改善土壤的最大干密度和最
佳含水率。两者均呈现随着含量的增大，土壤的最佳含水率逐渐增大，而最大干
密度逐渐减小的规律。比较两种掺加剂的影响效果可知：随着含量的增大，硅藻
土的作用更加显著。
关键词：稻草灰 硅藻土 塑限 液限 塑性指数 最大干密度 最佳含水
率
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ABSTRACT
The studies which improve the soil's water holding capacity are many at home and
abroad. But the studies considered soil water holding capacity from the perspective of
soil science. In geotechnical engineering, the experts are never considered soil physical
performance parameters for using outside of the field of civil engineering. This paper
try according to soil water aggregate stability content and consistency indicator and
compaction performance indicator in geotechnical engineering, then to research and
discuss the impact on physical parameters of the soil when the straw ash and diatomite
as modifier. These factors improve soil water holding capacity and prevent soil
compaction, increase soil porosity combine the rock knowledge with soil engineering.
And it provides a new way of thinking and methods to improve agricultural soils.
Straw ash contains not only rich organic matter, but also it contains K, Ca, P and
other inorganic nutrients, it is hydrophilic substance. And its surface has a huge surface
energy and electric charge. On the dust colloid surface passing hydrogen to adsorb
bonding polar water molecules to increase soil water holding capacity, and the straw
production is more than 600 million tons in our country. Produced by burning straw
after straw ash gray to provide protection for large-scale application. The diatomite has
a neutral PH value, good non-toxic, suspension performance, strong adsorption
properties, light weight, fineness uniform mixing uniformity, can play in the soil
moisture, loose soil, fertilizer extend the efficacy period, the effect of contributing to the
growth of crops and so on. It will be a good mix of loose soil and soil water holding
capacity. In addition, the amount of diatomite ranks second in the world, so it provide
protection for large-scale applications.
Therefore, to choose straw ash and diatomite as a modifier for Shanghai coastal
saline soil, Chao Soil and salinization soil. doing Wet Sieve Test, Liquid - Plastic
Combined Test and Compaction Test. To study its effect on soil liquid limit, plastic limit,
plasticity index, maximum dry density and optimum water content. At the same time,
comparing the different effect on straw ash with diatomite earth. The main findings are
as follows:
(1) The impact of plastic limits, liquid limit and plasticity index
For Shanghai coastal saline soil, when dust volume ratio of straw ash is 30%, the
plasticity increased by 32.2%,the liquid limit increased by 23.6%,while the plasticity
index increased by 10.7%; when dust volume ratio of diatomite is 30%, the effect of
both the liquid limit and the plasticity index were the best. the liquid limit increased by
10.3%,while the plasticity index increased by 33.4%; It can be known the effect of
admixture. when dust volume ratio is 30%, the liquid limit effect of straw ash to coastal
saline is the best. While the plasticity index of diatomite was the best.
For Shanghai Chao Soil, when dust volume ratio of straw ash is 20%, the liquid
and the plasticity index are the best. the liquid limit increased by 51.9%,while the
plasticity index increased by 167.3%, when dust volume ratio is 30%, the plasticity
limit increased by 1.3%,when dust volume ratio of diatomite is 30%, the effect of both
the liquid limit and the plasticity index were the best. the liquid limit increased by 1.3%,
the plasticity limit increased by 15.5%, the plasticity index increased by 44.4%; It can
be known from the effect of admixture. when dust volume ratio is 20%, the liquid limit
and plasticity index effect of straw ash were the best.
For salinization soil, when dust volume ratio of straw ash is 30%, the liquid and the
plasticity index are the best. the liquid limit increased by 17.6%,while the plasticity
index increased by 21.3%,when dust volume ratio is 20%, the plasticity limit increased
by 18.9%; when dust volume ratio of diatomite is 30%, the effect of both the liquid limit
and the plasticity index were the best. the liquid limit increased by 4.8%, the plasticity
limit increased by 4.2%, when dust volume ratio is 20%, the plasticity limit increased
by 12.1%; It can be known from the effect of admixture. when dust volume ratio was
30%, the liquid limit and plasticity index effect of straw ash were the best.
(2)The effect of maximum dry density and optimum water content
For Shanghai coastal saline soil, straw ash and diatomite can significantly improve
soil maximum dry density and optimum water content. with content increasing, the
optimum moisture content of the soil increased slowly,while the maximum dry density
decreases slowly.compare the effect of two admixture,it can be known that with content
increasing, the role of diatomaceous earth was more significant.
For Shanghai Chao Soil, straw ash and diatomite can significantly improve soil
maximum dry density and optimum water content. with content increasing, the optimum
moisture content of the soil increased slowly,while the maximum dry density decreases
slowly.compare the effect of two admixture,it can be known that with content increasing,
the role of diatomaceous earth was more significant.
For salinization soil, straw ash and diatomite can significantly improve soil
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maximum dry density and optimum water content. with content increasing, the optimum
moisture content of the soil increased slowly,while the maximum dry density decreases
slowly.compare the effect of two admixture,it can be known that with content increasing,
the role of diatomaceous earth was more significant.
Key Word: Straw ash, Diatomite, plastic limits, liquid limit, plastic
index, optimum water content, maximum dry density
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 .................................................... 1
1.1 引言 ........................................................ 1
1.2 研究目的和意义 ............................................... 2
1.3 稻草灰和硅藻土的研究概述 ..................................... 3
1.3.1 稻草灰 ................................................... 3
1.3.2 硅藻土 ................................................... 4
1.4 国内外研究概述 ............................................... 6
1.5 本论文主要研究内容、方法、方案和安排 ......................... 7
1.5.1 研究内容 ................................................. 7
1.5.2 研究方法 ................................................. 7
1.5.3 研究方案 ................................................. 8
1.5.4 论文进度安排 ............................................. 8
第二章 试验材料和方案 ........................................... 10
2.1 试验材料 ................................................... 10
2.1.1 稻草灰 .................................................. 10
2.1.2 硅藻土 .................................................. 10
2.1.3 上海滨海盐土 ............................................ 11
2.1.4 上海潮土 ................................................ 11
2.1.5 上海黄泥土 .............................................. 15
2.2 试验方案 ................................................... 15
2.2.1 液塑限测定试验 .......................................... 15
2.2.2 击实性能试验 ............................................ 17
2.2.3 水稳定性大团聚体组成测定试验 ............................ 19
第三章 稻草灰对上海土壤稠度的影响 ............................... 20
3.1 引言 ....................................................... 20
3.2 作用机理 ................................................... 20
3.3 稻草灰对上海土壤的水稳定性团聚体的影响 ...................... 20
3.3.1 稻草灰对上海滨海盐土的水稳定性团聚体的影响 .............. 20
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作者：侯斌
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：104 页
大小：2.8MB
格式：PDF
时间：2025-01-09
