软土地区某深基坑开挖变形及对周围建筑物影响研究
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摘 要
深基坑工程是一门实践性很强的学科,深基坑开挖已经不是传统的只需保护
自身坑壁稳定的简单问题,深基坑开挖同时还要注意基坑周围地表的变形。它对
邻近建筑物、构筑物、以及地下管线的安全有重要影响。随着城市规模的不断扩
张,城市建筑用地变得日益紧张,基坑工程越来越多的位于城市已有的建筑群中。
有效控制基坑在施工过程中的变形以及对周围环境的影响,是工程设计人员必须
考虑的问题。本文以软土地区某深基坑工程为例,综合运用现场监测和数值模拟
的方法,对基坑开挖过程中地下连续墙变形以及邻近建筑物基础沉降进行分析,
并提出了保护邻近建筑物的措施。论文有以下主要成果:
(1)围护墙体侧向位移整体呈“纺锤”状,变形特点为:上下两端位移小,连
续墙中部位移较大,与一般多道支撑地下连续墙的侧向位移规律保持一致;在基
坑开挖深度不断加大的过程中,围护结构的侧向位移也逐渐增加;围护墙体的变
形规律受时间和空间效应影响明显,因此,为了能够有效的控制基坑围护结构的
水平位移,应在基坑工程施工过程中依据时间和空间因素的作用规律,安排合理
的施工顺序。
(2)地下连续墙后土体沉降规律显示为“勺子状”,具体表现为沉降最大值出
现在离围护墙体一定距离处,之后离基坑边缘越远,土体沉降越小,且当基坑开
挖到深层土体时,地表土体沉降的变化越明显。
(3)基坑工程开挖顺序的选择、及时施加支撑结构、有效的控制基坑内外地
下水位、增加地下连续墙厚度等一系列方法,都可以够有效的减少地下连续墙外
土体的沉降。
(4)土体开挖前的基坑降水对周围建筑物的沉降并未产生较大的影响,在基
坑开挖过程中,邻近建筑物基础的沉降值变化较大,土体开挖之前对邻近历史建
筑基础的加固措施取得了良好的作用,使得基坑工程施工对周围历史建筑物的影
响很大程度的减小了。同时,浇筑基坑底板有效的控制了墙后土体沉降以及周围
建筑物基础的沉降。
(5)本文的数值模拟规律和实测数据规律基本一致,数值模拟结果基本反映
了基坑开挖全过程中基坑围护结构以及邻近建筑物的变形。
关键词:深基坑 历史建筑 水平位移 沉降 数值模拟
ABSTRACT
Deep foundation pit engineering is a discipline with very strong practicality, and it
is not a traditional simple problem to protect their own pit wall stability, but also pay
attention to the surrounding ground deformation of foundation pit. And it is related to
the safety of adjacent buildings, urban drainage pipeline and gas pipeline. With the
continuous development of the city in recent years, the urban land resources become
scarce, and the foundation pit engineering in construction of large dense buildings
appear constantly. Ensuring the construction safety and the safety of adjacent building
has become the primary consideration in the design and construction of deep foundation
pit. Combined with a large number of experimental data and the finite element model of
foundation pit excavation,the structure deformation, ground settlement and the
surrounding building deformation during the excavation process was systematic
analyzed. Some of the methods was been put forward to reduce the surface settlement.
This paper has the following main achievements:
(1) The deformation of the wall maintenance "belly" shape as a whole, which was
in accordance with the common deformation of bracing structure with multi-channel.
Along with the excavation depth increasing, the maximum lateral displacement of
diaphragm wall is constantly moving downward. And the longer the duration of the
excavation of foundation pit, which means the exposure time is longer, the faster the
growth of deformation; the horizontal displacement of supporting structure has an
obvious space-time effect, so the arrangement of the construction sequence in the
construction process according to the principle of time space effect and reasonable can
effectively control the horizontal displacement of foundation pit supporting structure.
(2) surface subsidence curves show the "settling basin", which means the
subsidence reaches a maximum at a distance away from foundation pit edge, and as the
distance increases, the surface settlement decreases gradually, and the impact on surface
subsidence of excavating deep soil is obvious.
(3) Effective methods to control the ground settlement are as follows:the
reasonable construction process,the control of underground water level in the inside
and outside of the foundation pit, the reasonable selection of supporting form, the
Increase of the depth of retaining structure and thickness of diaphragm wall.
(4) Dewatering before the excavation foundation pit had no obvious effect on
adjacent buildings. The change of the rate of building settlement during the excavation
is large. The reinforcement on historic buildings before the excavation of the
foundation pit play important role to reduce the influence of foundation pit excavation
on the history building. And the pouring floor plays an important role to control the
ground settlement.
(5) The numerical simulation and measured data was basically consistent, and
numerical simulation results basically reflect the deformation of foundation pit
enclosure structure and adjacent buildings in the process of the foundation pit
excavation.
Key words :Deep foundation, Historical building, Horizontal
displacement, Settlement, Numerical simulation
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 选题背景及研究意义 ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 深基坑工程研究现状 ......................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 软土深基坑变形研究现状 ......................................................................... 2
1.2.2 软土深基坑开挖对邻近建筑影响的研究 ................................................. 4
1.3 本文研究内容及技术路线 ................................................................................ 7
1.3.1 本文主要内容 ............................................................................................. 7
1.3.2 本文技术路线图 ........................................................................................ 8
第二章 工程概况及水文地质条件 ................................................................................ 9
2.1 工程简介 ............................................................................................................ 9
2.2 水文地质条件 .................................................................................................. 10
2.2.1 工程地质情况 ........................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 水文条件 .................................................................................................... 11
2.3 基坑周边环境 ................................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 历史建筑物分布概况 ............................................................................... 12
2.3.2 周围道路及管线分布 ............................................................................... 19
2.4 基坑围护方案简介 .......................................................................................... 24
2.4.1 地下连续墙 ............................................................................................... 24
2.4.2 支撑系统 ................................................................................................... 24
2.4.3 坑内加固 ................................................................................................... 24
2.4.4 历史建筑物基础加固 ............................................................................... 25
2.5 主要施工工况 ................................................................................................. 25
第三章 围护结构变形及墙外地表沉降实测分析 ...................................................... 27
3.1 测点布置 .......................................................................................................... 27
3.2 围护结构水平位移 .......................................................................................... 27
3.3 墙后土体沉降 .................................................................................................. 30
3.3.1 墙后土体沉降曲线分析 ........................................................................... 30
3.3.2 减少沉降的措施 ....................................................................................... 33
3.4 地下水位变化 .................................................................................................. 34
3.4.1 坑外地下水位分析 ................................................................................... 34
3.4.1 坑外地下水位分析 ................................................................................... 35
3.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 35
第四章 基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响 ...................................................................... 37
4.1 引言 .................................................................................................................. 37
4.2 邻近建筑物沉降监测数据分析 ...................................................................... 37
4.2.1 邻近小区居民楼沉降数据分析 .............................................................. 37
4.2.2 历史建筑沉降数据分析 .......................................................................... 39
4.3 重点保护历史建筑的加固方法和沉降曲线分析 ......................................... 40
4.3.1 中实大楼沉降曲线 .................................................................................. 40
4.3.2 圆明园公寓加固措施及沉降曲线分析 ................................................... 41
4.3.3 安倍洋行加固措施及沉降曲线分析 ....................................................... 42
4.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 43
第五章 基坑开挖过程三维有限元模拟 ...................................................................... 45
5.1 MIDAS/GTS 软件简介 ...................................................................................... 45
5.1.1 MIDAS/GTS 软件的优点 ........................................................................... 45
5.1.2 MIDAS/GTS 建模流程 ............................................................................... 46
5.2 基坑开挖模型的建立 ...................................................................................... 48
5.2.1 三维模型简化说明 .................................................................................. 48
4.2.2 模型建立步骤 .......................................................................................... 48
5.3 基坑开挖数值模拟结果分析 ......................................................................... 49
5.3.1 地下连续墙变形分析 .............................................................................. 49
5.3.2 墙后土体沉降分析 ................................................................................... 53
5.3.3 对临近建筑物影响分析 ........................................................................... 55
5.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 56
第六章 结论与展望 ...................................................................................................... 57
6.1 本文研究主要结论 .......................................................................................... 57
6.2 进一步的研究工作 .......................................................................................... 58
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 59
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ............................................ 62
致谢 ................................................................................................................................ 63
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
1.1 选题背景及研究意义
随着近年来城市化不断向前推进,大量农村人口向城市迁移,城市的发展也
遇到越来越多的问题,建筑道路用地变得日趋紧张,城市建设规划者转而向高空
和地下索取空间,在世界范围内的各主要大城市中,建造大型超高层建筑和种类
众多的地下建筑结构已经变成解决城市用地紧张的有效手段 [1]。二十世纪九十年
代以来,由于我国东部沿海地区大规模建造了众多的高层建筑及地下建筑结构,
从而使得深基坑在建造过程中不断涌现,高速发展的基坑工程的特点一方面表现
在基坑施工面积的不断加大,另一方面表现在基坑施工深度的显著加深。在二十
世纪九十年代以前,建筑工程中所遇到的基坑施工深度基本都在 20m 以内,很少
遇见开挖深度大于 20m 的基坑;自九十年代后期以来,随着城市发展进程的加快,
工程施工中所遇到的基坑施工深度已接近 40m,部分超高层建筑的基坑工程已经
大于 40m [2] ,如正在施工建造的上海 13 号线汉中路地铁站,其基坑深度达到
33.1m。以上原因也大大增加了基坑在施工过程的难度和风险,由于对基坑开挖过
程中围护结构和支撑结构的受力变形认识水平的局限性,我国基坑工程事故时有
发生。相关部门的统计资料显示,在基坑工程施工过程中,大约 25%的基坑出现
过相关工程事故,尤其在我国东部沿海地区,这一比例要更高。事故一旦发生,
就将给群众的生命财产带来重大损失[3]。因此,研究基坑施工过程中引起的围护结
构如地下连续墙以及墙后地表的变形以及对邻近建筑物的影响具有重要的现实意
义。
另一方面,随着城市规模的不断扩张,城市建筑用地变得日益紧张,基坑工
程越来越多的位于城市已有的建筑群中[1]。沿海许多城市一直是我国东西方文化的
聚集地,城市内部修建的许多优秀历史建筑代表了我国文化和西方文化交流与融
会,基坑工程施工经常会处于这样的环境之中。对于这些优秀历史建筑保护和利
用,是保护城市文化理念的必然要求,也是建设社会主义现代化城市的重要组成
部分[4]。然而,这些历史建筑基本上都已超过使用年限,且地基和基础比较薄弱,
因此这些建筑对地基的沉降变形非常敏感,一旦损坏将造成无法弥补的损失。基
坑开挖过程中,经常会不可避免的遇到此类情况。如何较好的控制基坑开挖过程
中邻近保护建筑物的地基沉降,是基坑工程施工过程中所遇到的又一问题。然而
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作者:侯斌
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
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时间:2025-01-09