室内娱乐性游泳馆湿负荷计算方法及气流组织的研究
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摘 要
随着人们对游泳这项娱乐运动需求的不断增加,越来越多的室内娱乐性游泳
池不断兴起。然而由于室内环境的特殊性，越来越多的问题也逐渐显露出来，比
如舒适性和空气品质差以及高湿造成建筑使用寿命短等等。在查阅大量文献资料
以及实地调研检测的基础上，本文从理论与实测分析产生这些问题的原因，并归
纳为两个方面的问题。一方面是空调湿负荷计算方法的不当导致热湿负荷计算结
果的不准确；另一方面是室内气流组织方式的选择对室内环境的影响。
针对室内空调湿负荷部分，目前国内外关于室内游泳馆湿负荷的计算方法不
一，本文收集总结了五种比较权威的计算方法，发现计算结果相差较大，偏差最
大者相互之间能达到 141.8%。笔者从热质交换的理论出发，分析湿表面与空气进
行质交换的机理；然后基于从局部到总体的思路，将室内散湿源分为池水、池边
湿地和人员三种主要散湿源，采用热质交换类比原理，建立了与各散湿源相对应
的物理模型，提出了用于预测娱乐性室内游泳馆散湿量的计算公式。为了验证模
型计算方法的准确性，对某室内娱乐性游泳馆的散湿量进行了实验测试，提出了
修正的计算公式，对比结果显示修正后的模型计算方法与测试结果吻合性较好，
而且修正后的计算公式不仅能够用于计算池水内不同人数下的散湿量还可以应用
于不同类型的游泳池。
针对室内气流组织部分，目前国内外关于这方面的研究并多集中于比赛性的
游泳馆，因此对于娱乐性的游泳馆采用什么形式的气流组织方式也急需科学依据
作为支撑。笔者首先对某娱乐性游泳池进行实测，探索气流组织的研究思路和方
法，结合 FLUENT 数值模拟的手段来研究气流组织，针对娱乐性游泳池室内常用的
四种气流组织方式，两侧上送中间上回、两侧下送中间上回、中间上送两侧下回
以及单侧上送单侧上回，用 FLUENT 数值模拟软件进行计算。研究结果显示两侧上
送中间上回的气流组织方式较其他三种气流组织方式，在舒适性、能量利用率、
新风利用率、防结露效果以及池水蒸发速率等多个方面，都显示出很大的优势，
是适用于娱乐性泳池的气流组织方式。
关键词：游泳馆 室内泳池 湿负荷 模型方法 气流组织 CFD 模
拟 PMV-PPD
ABSTRACT
With the increasing demand for swimming of the modern people, more and more
recreational indoor natatoriums grows. However, because the uniqueness of its
environment, more and more problems also gradually revealed, such as poor comfort,
bad air quality, short life of buildings and so on. Based on consulting large number of
literatures and actual on-site investigation, the author analyses the reasons causing
above problems, and summarized as two aspects. One aspect is the inaccuracy of the
thermal and moisture load calculation caused by improper moisture load calculation
method; and the other is the improper choice of the air distribution.
To the indoor air conditioning moisture load, nowadays there are different ways
of calculation for indoor natatorium moisture load around the globe. The author
collecting five kinds of calculation finds out that the results of each method vary, and
the maximum deviation is 141.8%. The author analyzes the mechanism of wet surface
and air mass exchange based on the theory of heat and mass transfer. Then according
to the thought of from local to overall, indoor moisture source is divided into three
main moisture sources, namely the pool, pool wetland and person. Applying the heat
exchange and mass transfer analogy principle, the corresponding physical models are
first established to the moisture sources, the moisture load calculation formula applied
in the design stage is put forward based on recreational indoor natatoriums. In order to
verify the accuracy of the model calculation method, the indoor recreational natatorium
experiments have been carried out to test the amount of moisture, the comparison
results show that there is a big deviation. And then the author analyzes causes of
deviation, and presents the calculation formula of correction, the comparison results
show that the revised model calculation and test results is very good, and the revised
formula not only can be used to calculate moisture load under different number in the
pool and they can be applied to different types of recreational natatorium.
To the indoor air distribution, there are not too many researches at local and
abroad, mostly focused on competitive natatorium, so it is very urgent to provide
scientific basis using what type of air distribution for recreational natatorium. Firstly
the author makes an on-site experiment measurement on a recreational natatorium, and
explores the approach to the study of air distribution, and then explores the method of
research by FLUENT numerical simulation, and through the comparison with the
measured results to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation result. Then, the
author studies four types of air distribution commonly used, which is both sides ceiling
supply middle side ceiling return, both sides floor supply middle side ceiling return,
middle side ceiling supply both sides floor return and one side ceiling supply one side
ceiling return by FLUENT software. the researching results shows that the air
distribution of both sides ceiling supply middle side ceiling return has the obviously
great advantages compared with the other three types in comfort, energy utilization,
utilization rate of fresh air, condensation resistant and the water evaporation rate. It’s
suitable for recreational swimming pool.
Key Word: natatoriums, indoor swimming pool, moisture load, model
method, air distribution, CFD simulation, PMV-PPD
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题研究背景 .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 课题研究目的及意义 ........................................................................................ 2
1.3 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 游泳馆湿负荷国内外研究现状 .................................................................. 4
1.3.2 游泳馆气流组织国内外研究现状 .............................................................. 9
1.4 本课题主要研究内容 ...................................................................................... 10
第二章 湿负荷计算方法的理论研究与实验测试 ................................................. 13
2.1 散湿表面的水分蒸发机理 .............................................................................. 13
2.1.1 分子扩散和对流扩散 ................................................................................ 13
2.1.2 分子扩散方程及对流传质方程 ................................................................ 13
2.1.3 湿表面与空气之间湿交换量计算公式 .................................................... 15
2.2 三种散湿源传质模型的建立 .......................................................................... 15
2.2.1 池水与空气传质模型的建立 .................................................................... 16
2.2.2 池边湿地与空气传质模型的建立 ............................................................ 17
2.2.3 人员与空气传质模型的建立 .................................................................... 17
2.3 三种散湿源传质模型与准则关联式的匹配 .................................................. 18
2.3.1 对流传质过程中的相关准则数 ................................................................ 19
2.3.2 池水传质物理模型与准则关联式的匹配 ................................................ 19
2.3.3 池边湿地传质模型与准则关联式的匹配 ................................................ 20
2.3.4 人员传质模型与准则关联式的匹配 ........................................................ 20
2.3.5 湿负荷计算公式 ........................................................................................ 21
2.4 室内娱乐性游泳馆散湿量的实验测试 .......................................................... 21
2.4.1 实验研究对象概况介绍 ............................................................................ 21
2.4.2 实验测试方案 ............................................................................................ 24
2.4.3 实验测试结果 ............................................................................................ 27
2.4.4 测试结果与计算结果的对比与分析 ........................................................ 27
2.4.5 偏差产生的原因及修正 ............................................................................ 28
2.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 30
第三章 娱乐性室内泳池气流组织实测研究 ......................................................... 32
3.1 室内气流组织方式概述 .................................................................................. 32
3.1.1 常用气流组织方式的分析与比较 ............................................................ 33
3.1.2 评价指标 .................................................................................................... 35
3.2 室内气流组织实验测试方案 .......................................................................... 37
3.2.1 实验测试目的及实验总体方案 ................................................................ 38
3.2.2 测试工况及测试仪器 ................................................................................ 38
3.2.3 测点选择及布置 ........................................................................................ 40
3.3 室内气流组织实验测试结果及分析评价 ...................................................... 42
3.3.1 测试结果 .................................................................................................... 42
3.3.2 测试结果分析 ............................................................................................ 43
3.3.3 气流组织评价 ............................................................................................ 44
3.4 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 45
第四章 气流组织 CFD 数值模拟与实验对比分析 ............................................... 46
4.1 CFD 数值模拟概述 ........................................................................................... 46
4.2 控制方程的选取 .............................................................................................. 46
4.2.1 相对湿度的控制方程 ................................................................................ 47
4.2.2 湍流模型的控制方程 ................................................................................ 48
4.3 物理模型的建立 .............................................................................................. 49
4.3.1 几何建模 .................................................................................................... 49
4.3.2 散湿源的定义 ............................................................................................ 49
4.3.3 网格划分 .................................................................................................... 51
4.3.4 边界条件 .................................................................................................... 52
4.4 模拟结果与实验测试对比与分析 .................................................................. 53
4.5 气流组织中存在的问题 .................................................................................. 59
4.6 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 62
第五章 不同气流组织形式数值模拟研究及分析 ................................................. 63
5.1 研究对象概述 .................................................................................................. 63
5.2 两侧上送中间上回方式 .................................................................................. 65
5.2.1 基本参数设置 ............................................................................................ 65
5.2.2 模拟结果及分析 ........................................................................................ 66
5.2.3 流场特点及气流组织评价 ........................................................................ 68
5.3 两侧下送中间上回方式 .................................................................................. 72
5.3.1 基本参数设置 ............................................................................................ 72
5.3.2 模拟结果及分析 ........................................................................................ 73
5.3.3 流场特点及气流组织评价 ........................................................................ 75
5.4 中间上送两侧下回方式 .................................................................................. 78
5.4.1 基本参数设置 ............................................................................................ 78
5.4.2 模拟结果及分析 ........................................................................................ 79
5.4.3 流场特点及气流组织评价 ........................................................................ 81
5.5 单侧上送单侧上回方式 .................................................................................. 84
5.5.1 基本参数设置 ............................................................................................ 84
5.5.2 模拟结果及分析 ........................................................................................ 84
5.5.3 流场特点及气流组织评价 ........................................................................ 86
5.6 四种气流组织方式特性的对比与建议 .......................................................... 89
5.7 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 90
第六章 结论与展望 ................................................................................................. 91
6.1 结论 .................................................................................................................. 91
6.2 展望 .................................................................................................................. 92
参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 93
附录 1 游泳馆气流组织测试结果 ............................................................................ 97
附录 2 PMV-PPD VB 程序 ....................................................................................... 101
在读期间公开发表论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ........................................... 104
致 谢 ....................................................................................................................... 105
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作者：侯斌
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：109 页
大小：7.26MB
格式：PDF
时间：2025-01-09
