聚丙烯和钢纤维混凝土的力学性能研究
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摘 要
传统混凝土已经无法完全满足当前工程的需求,纤维混凝土在对传统混凝土
力学性能增强、阻裂等方面有独特的优势,本文主要探讨四种类型混凝土在低温
冻融循环作用下、三轴压缩应力状态下和在化学溶液侵蚀作用下的力学性能变化
规律,探讨了混凝土中添加纤维的类型和掺量对混凝土的力学性能影响,主要有
以下几个方面:
(1)研究了五种冻融循环次数、两种纤维类型、四种纤维掺量对混凝土的
力学性能影响,分析了不同种类与掺量的纤维混凝土抗拉强度的变化,得出了混
凝土峰值压力、弹性模量以及质量损失的变化规律。由于纤维混凝土主要在抗拉
性能方面有优势,所以本次试验着重研究了混凝土在此种应力状态下的变形特
点,并且提供了一些关于纤维混凝土材料在低温环境下的各项力学性能的试验数
据对以后的工程应用作为参考;
(2)研究了一种素混凝土、两种单一纤维混凝土以及一种混杂纤维混凝土
在进行了三轴压缩试验后的性能分析,得出了纤维混凝土在三轴压缩应力状态下
的应力应变规律,分析了纤维混凝土的强度和变形规律,探讨了素混凝土及纤维
混凝土在四种围压应力条件下的性能变化情况;
(3)利用光学显微镜观察了纤维混凝土在进行了单轴劈裂抗拉试验、三轴
压缩试验以及化学溶液侵蚀后的试块断裂面,通过观察更直观地了解了纤维混凝
土的破坏路径以及最终的破坏形态,从微观上深入地认知纤维混凝土的破坏机
理;
(4)对素混凝土和三种纤维混凝土在化学溶液侵蚀条件下进行试验,分析
了不同种类与掺量的纤维混凝土强度的变化,得出了纤维混凝土峰值压力、弹性
模量的变化规律,同时分析了化学溶液中的各种成份对纤维混凝土的破坏机理进
行了探讨,得出了纤维混凝土在受到化学溶液侵蚀下的破坏形态,对处于化学侵
蚀环境中的建筑物或者地基在实际工程中有一定的参考;
(5)分析了纤维在混凝土中的作用机理,借鉴了纤维混凝土单轴受压本构
模型,根据实验数据进行了模型验算并且和实际数据进行了对比,得出了理论数
据和试验数据的对比曲线,在试验分析和理论推导的基础上,更好地了解了纤维
混凝土在受外部荷载时基体内各材料之间相互作用的机理。
关键词:聚丙烯纤维 钢纤维 劈裂 低温 冻融 三轴 化学侵蚀
ABSTRACT
Traditional concrete has not been fully applied in the current projects, there are
unique advantages of fiber reinforced concrete in enhancing the mechanical properties of
traditional concrete, crack resistance, etc. In this paper, A series of tests were carried out
to study the changes of mechanical properties about fiber reinforced concrete under
cryogenic freeze-thaw cycle test, triaxial compression test and chemical corrosion test,
specifically there are the following aspects:
(1)Five kinds of freeze-thaw cycles, two fiber types and four kinds of fiber contents
were conducted to study the mechanical properties of fiber concrete. There are several
advantages such as strengthen the crack resistance and deformation characteristics of
fiber concrete under tensile stress was emphatically studied. Several experimental data
about the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete for the projcets in low
temperature were provided through a series of experiments;
(2)The performance of fiber reinforced concretes under the triaxial compression
tests were analyzed, have obtained the law of compressive stress and strain in triaxial
compression test. The strength and deformation law of fiber reinforced concrete were
analyzed. The performance of general concrete and fiber reinforced concrete under the
condition of four types of confining pressure stress were discussed;
(3) Fracture blocks of fiber reinforced concrete after splitting test, triaxial
compression test and chemical erosion test were observed through optical microscope.
Damage path of the fiber reinforced concrete and the final form of the destruction were
discussed, more perception were obtained through the observation;
(4) General concrete and three kinds of fiber concrete were conducted under the
chemical corrosion condition. The mechanical of three kinds of fiber reinforced concrete
were studied. A new method was applied, which can improve corrosion-resistance ability
of the steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The corrosion effect on property of three kinds
of fiber reinforced concrete were studied. These results are very useful for the concrete
structures which under the chemical corrosion conditions;
(5) Mechanism of fibers in concrete were analyzed. The constitutive model was
used to describe the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete under the
condition of uniaxial compression. Theoretical and tests data were contrasted through
three figures, which reflect the law of stress-strain. This model can be used to predict the
peak stress, peak strain and the stress-strain curve of the polypropylene fiber reinforced
concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete.
Key Words: polypropylene fiber, steel fiber, fracture, hypothermia, freezing and
thawing, triaxial, chemical corrosion
目录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 前言 ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 纤维混凝土的研究概况 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.3 纤维混凝土本构模型的研究概况 ....................................................................................... 2
1.4 纤维混凝土在三轴压缩作用下的力学特性研究 .......................................................... 3
1.5 纤维混凝土在工程中的应用 ............................................................................................... 3
1.6 本文研究的主要内容 ............................................................................................................. 3
第二章 纤维混凝土在冻融循环作用后的力学性能研究 ..................................................... 5
2.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 试验概况 ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 试件制作 ............................................................................................................................. 5
2.2.2 混凝土低温冻融循环试验 ............................................................................................ 6
2.2.3 混凝土劈裂抗拉试验 ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3 试验结果分析 ............................................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 峰值压力与冻融循环次数的关系 ............................................................................... 7
2.3.2 强度损失与冻融循环次数的关系 ............................................................................... 9
2.3.3 质量变化规律 .................................................................................................................. 10
2.3.4 荷载和位移变化规律 ................................................................................................... 13
2.3.5 宏观及微观变化 ............................................................................................................. 16
2.3.6 劈裂试验中试块变化 ................................................................................................... 19
2.4 混凝土劈裂试验后试件断裂面宏观及微观研究 ....................................................... 21
2.4.1 混凝土试件断裂面宏观分析 ..................................................................................... 21
2.4.2 断裂面微观....................................................................................................................... 24
2.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................... 27
第三章 纤维混凝土在三轴加载作用下的力学特性试验研究 ........................................ 29
3.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................................. 29
3.1.1 研究意义 ........................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 试验概况 ................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1 试件制作 ........................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 试验安排 .......................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 试验结果与分析 ..................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.1 零围压试验结果 ............................................................................................................. 33
3.3.2 混凝土三轴试验结果 ................................................................................................... 35
3.4 试验结果分析 .......................................................................................................................... 38
3.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................... 41
第四章 纤维混凝土在化学溶液侵蚀作用下力学性能研究 ............................................. 43
4.1 引言 ............................................................................................................................................. 43
4.2 试验概况 ................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.1 试件制作 ........................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.2 化学溶液配制 .................................................................................................................. 44
4.2.3 试验设备 ........................................................................................................................... 44
4.3 试验结果与分析 ..................................................................................................................... 45
4.3.1 试验宏观和微观现象及机理分析 ............................................................................ 45
4.3.2 混凝土的峰值压力与溶液的关系 ............................................................................ 47
4.3.3 混凝土化学腐蚀机理分析 .......................................................................................... 48
4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................... 50
第五章 纤维混凝土损伤模型的研究 ........................................................................................ 52
5.1 纤维混凝土损伤原理 ........................................................................................................... 52
5.2 纤维混凝土损伤本构模型 .................................................................................................. 52
5.3 纤维混凝土损伤本构关系曲线 ........................................................................................ 53
5.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................................... 55
第六章 结论与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 56
6.1 主要结论 ................................................................................................................................... 56
6.2 展望 ............................................................................................................................................. 56
参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................... 58
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .................................................... 63
致谢 ........................................................................................................................................................ 64
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
1.1 前言
传统混凝土的抗拉强度很低,在设计混凝土结构时应考虑将其承受的拉应力
降为最低,拉应力常见于弯应力、斜边拉伸条件下,混凝土中的钢筋要承担这些
拉应力。葛瑞斌[1]认为拉应力会使混凝土结构产生裂缝,在混凝土中加入纤维可
以很好地解决这一问题。
在混凝土结构承受荷载开始阶段,混凝土基体和加入的纤维都要承担荷载,
其中基体承受的力最大[2],基体开裂后,纤维开始承受荷载,在混凝土中添加纤
维后,就从根本上改变了传统混凝土的受力方式。
聚丙烯纤维是一种有机纤维,弹性模量比较低,抗拉强度比较高,将其在掺
入普通混凝土后[3],混凝土的性能会得到明显地提高,从观测混凝土内部结构来
看,提高了抗渗性能,增强了防火性能。目前主要研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗裂
性能、抗压性能。
钢纤维有密度大、强度高、弹性模量高和易于延伸[4]等特点,若在普通混凝
土中同时添加聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维,其二者性能互补的特性将明显提高普通混凝
土的各项力学性能[5]。
1.2 纤维混凝土的研究概况
1970年Walton和Majumdar[6]最早进行了聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维混杂纤维混凝土
力学性能试验,研究发现两种纤维共同作用增强了混凝土的抗拉性能和抗冻性
能。Henrik Stang[7]等人发现纤维混凝土明显增强混凝土的抗裂性能。小林一辅[8]
通过研究发现纤维混凝土抗拉性能在试验开始三十分钟内下降32%,两个小时内
降低42%,抗拉性能相比于普通混凝土提高很多。Mazar[9]认为钢纤维混凝土性能
非常好,抗压强度比普通混凝土的增加了4%至22%。赵国藩等[10]发现钢纤维混凝
土抗弯强度增加了21%到53%,另外抗拉强度增加了20%至42%。
钢纤维和混凝土基体材料之间的粘合力是钢纤维混凝土性能优异的主要因素
[11],钢纤维的截面是不规则的,这就决定了其与混凝土基体材料的咬合力会非常
大[12]。在混凝土遇冷收缩的时候,更加增大了这种内力[13],增大了与基体材料的
接触面,钢纤维的两段一般都是呈弯钩状[14],增大了粘合力,还有的钢纤维经过
有机材料的处理,黄承逵[15]通过研究发现虽然这样做不能提高纤维自身的强度,
但混凝土的强度却因为此而性能提升很多。
混凝土的内部在使用过程中势必会出现许多或大或小的裂缝,这是不可避免
的,结果就是使得混凝土的抗拉强度降低,Naamann A.E[16]在混凝土中添加了聚
丙烯纤维后发现很明显地抑制混凝土裂缝的出现。聚丙烯纤维由于自身的抗拉性
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作者:侯斌
分类:高等教育资料
价格:15积分
属性:67 页
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时间:2025-01-09