便携式制动性能测试仪校准装置的设计
VIP免费
摘 要
近年来 MEMS 加速度传感器在汽车检测产品中已大量应用，尤其是上海西派
埃自动化仪表工程有限责任公司生产的 MBK-01 型便携式制动性能测试仪已经在
机动车检测行业得到广泛应用。随着国家对汽车检测精度要求的不断提高，该公
司研制出了 MBK-01（IV）型便携式制动性能测试仪，它在原型号基础上对硬件和
测量算法作了很大的技术改进和完善，内部采用了高精度三轴加速度传感器和角
速度传感器，并首次将角速度测量引入测量算法中，对制动减速度数据进行补偿
修正，从而还原车辆在水平状态下的减速度，经试验证明大大提高了测量结果的
准确性和可靠性。为保障产品生产过程中质量控制和计量性能的检验，根据新产
品技术性能的设计，与之配套的校准装置也将作较大的设计更改，方能满足新产
品的生产和校准的需要。
本文通过对 MBK-01（IV）型便携式制动性能测试仪校准装置的软硬件设计，
融合运动控制、数据采集和分析、数据存储、打印等功能形成一套完整的校准装
置，配合相应的 LabVIEW 上位机校准软件，通过读取编码器值以闭环方式精准控
制电机以角度运动，实现对三轴加速度传感器性能的正确评定。实践证明，该装
置有效地校准了三轴加速度传感器，使得 MBK-01(IV)型测试仪获取参数更加准确。
本文的主要创新点：（1）首次提出基于对称性原理的零点与线性自动校准方
法，通过相关算法编程借助上位机软件实现三轴加速度传感器的零点和线性校准，
无需手动，整个校准过程自动完成，弥补了常规校准方法中人工进行零点和线性
校准而造成误差的不足。（2）在测量精度上有保证，通过校准装置精度与误差的
建模与分析，专门分析了控制误差、机械误差等对于装置系统误差的具体影响，
以此模型来指导选型的深入以及机械零件公差和装配公差的布置。（3）在上位机
电脑串口采集设备上，通过采用检测系统注册表的方式实现串口仪表的即插即用，
克服了 LabVIEW 串口设备不支持热插拔的固有缺陷。
关键词： MBK-01(IV)测试仪 LabVIEW 校准装置 校准方法
ABSTRACT
In recent years, MEMS acceleration sensors have been largely applied in products
of vehicle inspection. Especially, MBK-01 Portable Automobile Brake Tester produced
by Shanghai SIPAI Automation Instrumentation Engineering Lt., Company has been
widely used in testing industry of motor vehicle. With constant improvement of the
request of automobile inspection accuracy in China, Research&Development
Department of Shanghai SIPAI Automation Instrumentation Engineering Lt., Company
developed MBK-01(IV) Portable Braking Performance Tester, which has made great
improvement in hardware and measured algorithms based on its original model. The
inside of device adopts high precision three-axis acceleration sensor and angular
velocity sensor. Angular velocity measurement is firstly introduced measured
algorithms, correcting the data of braking deceleration to restore the deceleration of the
vehicle at the level of state. Experiments have proved that this tester greatly improves
the accuracy and reliability of measurement results. In order to guarantee quality control
in the product process and measurement of performance testing, according to the
technical performance of the new product, calibration device matched with the new
product also need to be changed greatly in design to meet the needs of production and
calibration of new products
Based on design of hardware and software of the MBK-01 (IV) three-axis
acceleration sensor calibration device, this thesis forms a complete calibration system
by integrating motion control, data collection and analysis, data storage, printing and
other functions. Coupled with the LabVIEW PC calibration software, this device can
achieve correct assessment to the capacity of three-axis acceleration sensor by reading
the encoder angle of closed-loop control motor movements. Practice has proved that this
equipment effectively calibrated three-axis acceleration sensor, allowing the MBK-01
(IV) tester to get more accurate parameters.
Main innovations of this thesis include: (1). It, for the first time, proposes zero
point and linear automatic calibration method based on symmetrical principle. It can
achieve zero position and linear calibration of three-axis acceleration sensor by
programming algorithm with PC software. The entire calibration process can be
completed automatically and it makes up for the deficiencies of errors caused by
artificial zero point and linear calibration in conventional calibration method. (2). Guar-
antee for measurement precision: this thesis especially analysis specific effects of
calibration errors, such as error control and mechanical errors, for device system
through modeling and analysis of precision and errors of calibration device. Based on
above model, this model to guide selection of in-depth, and mechanical parts tolerances
and Assembly tolerances of layout. (3). Equipment for date collection of computer serial
port: it achieves plug-and-work of instrument of serial port through using registry for
detection system to overcome inherent defect that LabVIEW serial port equipment does
not support hot plug.
Key word: MBK-01(IV) Performance Tester , LabVIEW , calibration
device , calibration methods
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题研究背景及意义 .................................................................................. 1
1.2 国内外加速度传感器校准技术的研究现状与发展趋势 .......................... 2
1.3 课题主要研究内容 ...................................................................................... 3
1.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................... 5
第二章 一种新型便携式制动性能测试仪校准装置的方案设计 .......................... 6
2.1 被校准器件介绍 .......................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 MBK-01（IV）型便携式制动性能测试仪 ..................................... 6
2.1.2 高精度三轴加速度传感器及其建模 ................................................ 7
2.2 加速度传感器校准的基本原理及实现方法 .............................................. 9
2.3 运动控制系统方案选择 ............................................................................ 10
2.4 方案整体设计 ............................................................................................ 11
2.5 运动控制卡的选择 .................................................................................... 12
2.6 电机及减速器的选择 ................................................................................ 13
2.7 步进驱动器及编码器的的选择 ................................................................ 17
2.7.1 步进驱动器的选择 .......................................................................... 17
2.7.2 编码器的选择 .................................................................................. 20
2.8 上位机控制软件的选择 ............................................................................ 22
2.9 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 22
第三章 校准装置硬件设计 .................................................................................... 23
3.1 校准装置的机械结构介绍 ........................................................................ 23
3.1.1 当前测试区加速度传感器校准装置情况 ...................................... 23
3.1.2 悬臂型全自动三轴加速度传感器校准装置的机械结构 .............. 24
3.1.3 新设计的三轴加速度传感器校准装置的机械结构 ...................... 25
3.2 控制电路实现原理及硬件资源配置 ........................................................ 26
3.2.1 控制电路实现原理及框图 .............................................................. 26
3.2.2 控制装置硬件资源配置 .................................................................. 28
3.3 运动控制系统硬件搭建 ............................................................................ 29
3.3.1 硬件总体构架及工作原理 .............................................................. 29
3.3.2 各器件端口配置 .............................................................................. 30
3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 33
第四章 校准装置软件设计 .................................................................................... 34
4.1 LabVIEW 及其应用程序开发步骤 .......................................................... 34
4.2 基于动态链接库的数据接口技术 ............................................................ 35
4.2.1 动态链接库简介 .............................................................................. 35
4.2.2 调用库函数节点技术 ...................................................................... 36
4.3 软件需求分析及校准指标 ........................................................................ 37
4.4 运动控制系统软件结构设计 .................................................................... 38
4.4.1 软件平台架构及工作原理 .............................................................. 39
4.4.2 逻辑调度控制模块设计 .................................................................. 40
4.4.3 串口数据采集设计 .......................................................................... 42
4.4.4 运动控制程序设计 .......................................................................... 45
4.4.5 数据库程序设计 .............................................................................. 49
4.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 51
第五章 新型便携式制动性能测试仪校准装置的集成与测试 ............................ 52
5.1 校准装置的硬件实现 ................................................................................ 52
5.2 校准装置的软件实现 ................................................................................ 54
5.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 59
第六章 基于对称性原理的零点与线性自动校准方法 ........................................ 60
6.1 加速度传感器引入偏斜角的校准过程建模及误差分析 ........................ 60
6.2 校准准备及零点校准和线性校准的算法实现方法 ................................ 63
6.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 67
第七章 校准装置精度与系统误差的建模与分析 ................................................ 68
7.1 校准精度与角度误差系统建模 ................................................................ 68
7.2 测量控制部分的精度保证 ........................................................................ 71
7.3 机械结构部分的精度保证 ........................................................................ 72
7.4 对于装置整体精度的检测方法 ................................................................ 73
7.5 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 73
第八章 总结与展望 ................................................................................................ 74
附录 ............................................................................................................................ 76
参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 81
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ........................................ 85
致谢 ............................................................................................................................ 86
相关推荐
作者：侯斌
分类：高等教育资料
价格：15积分
属性：90 页
大小：5.04MB
格式：PDF
时间：2025-01-09
