公务员收入增长与行政管理支出扩张的实证研究

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3.0 李江 2024-09-20 4 4 491.92KB 61 页 150积分
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浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
I
行政管理支出是国家行使其基本职能所必须花费的一项支出。一般而言,其
增长规模应该与一国 GDP、税收总收入等经济指标的增长幅度基本保持一致。然
而,近年来我国行政管理支出的增长趋势却呈现出了急剧扩张的态势,其增长速
度不仅远高于上述经济指标,更是在各类财政支出中高居榜首,实已成为财政支
出的一个沉重负担。
通过建立经济计量模型,对行政管理支出的总量分析可以得出其和 GDP、税
收总收入等经济变量之间的高度正相关关系,但是却无法回答为何近年来我国行
政管理支出增长如此迅猛这一问题。实际上,研究行政管理支出急剧扩张问题的
真正途径在于结构分析。
按费用要素分类的行政管理支出可以归为人员经费和办公经费两大类,前者
基本可以等同于国家公务员的总收入,而后者则是指各项公用经费。对于公务员
收入水平问题,随着对我国公务员收入结构以及薪酬制度研究的不断深入,以往
仅仅基于工资水平研究得出的我国公务员收入水平偏低的结论也日渐显得片面、
失实,而公务员高收入水平的观点则逐渐浮出水面并日益为社会所公认。于是,
在近年来行政管理支出连年超常增长,同时人员经费部分的比重也日渐增加这一
现实背景下,考察公务员收入水平增长与行政管理支出扩张之间的相关性是具有
重大意义的。因为人员经费、办公经费以及行政管理支出三者在绝对规模上都呈
现增长趋势,而人员经费占行政管理支出的比重同样也处于上升状态,因此,行
政管理支出的急剧扩张很可能主要是由公务员收入水平的过快增长所导致。
从数据分析的角度而言,数据量化显然更易于表明我国公务员高收入水平和
行政管理支出高速增长之间的相关性。然而,鉴于获得公务员收入水平所存在的
客观困难,精确衡量上述两者之间的相关程度几乎是不可能的,但是粗略的估算
却仍可进行。在这种情况下,构建基于基础数据的收入估算模型将不失为一个可
行的方法。笔者在文中提出了一个估算模型,并最终得出了行政管理支出的急剧
扩张主要是由公务员收入水平的过快增长所导致这一结论。
进一步地,通过对我国公务员收入结构和薪酬制度的考察可以揭示公务员收
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
II
入增长速度过快的根本原因在于薪酬制度的法制化和规范化水平过低。于是,加
强我国公务员薪酬制度的法制化建设,在合理控制公务员收入增长速度的同时,
也可以有效抑制行政管理支出的急剧扩张趋势。
关键词:行政管理支出; 扩张; 公务员收入; 增长
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
III
ABSTRACT
Administrative expenditure is indispensable to a country to perform the basic
function. In a general way, its increasing extent should be in accordance to the economic
indexes such as GDP and tax revenue. However, in the recent years the high increment
speed of administrative expenditure of China has exceeded the increment speed of GDP,
tax revenue and so on, which becomes a heavy burden on GDP.
Although the gross amount analysis of administrative expenditure can show that
administrative expenditure maintains a high positive relation with GDP and tax revenue,
it can not answer the question that what causes administrative expenditure increase so
sharply. Actually, the structure analysis of administrative expenditure can make it.
We can classify administrative expenditure to personnel expenditure and public
expenditure, the former is basically equal to the gross income of all officials, and the
latter includes the expenditure of duty, business, equipment purchasing etc. As for the
income of officials, along with the increasing study on the income system of
government officials, the conclusion that the income of our government officials is quite
lower has become inconsistent with the facts gradually, and by contraries the concept
that the income of our government officials is high has been accepted by the society day
by day. So, in the instance that administrative expenditure has risen sharply and the
proportion of personnel expenditure to administrative expenditure has been increased
gradually, it is of significance to research the relation between the increase of officials’
income and the expansion of administrative expenditure. Because all of personnel
expenditure, public expenditure and administrative expenditure have increased in gross
amount, but the proportion of personnel expenditure to administrative expenditure has
increased too, so, it is likely that the expansion of administrative expenditure is mainly
propelled by the exceeding increase of government officials’ income.
In the view of numeric analysis, it is obvious that numeric quantification can
indicate the relativity between the high income of government officials and the
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
IV
exceeding rise of administrative expenditure. However, owning to the difficulty of
getting the data of officials’ income, we can not quantify the relativity exactly. In this
instance, it will be an advisable method to construct a calculation model based on the
basic data. In this article, the author puts forward an estimation model and drives to the
conclusion that the expansion of administrative expenditure is mainly propelled by the
exceeding increase of government officials’ income finally.
Furthermore, through the study on the income system of government officials, we
can realize that the critical reason for the exceeding increase of officials’ income is the
lack of legislation of income system of government officials. So, improving the
legislation of government officials’ income system can not only control the exceeding
increase of officials’ income properly but also reduce the administrative expenditure
effectively.
Keywords administrative expenditure; expansion; the income of government officials;
increase
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
V
目 录
第一章 绪论 ·······················································································1
第一节 论文研究的选题意义································································1
第二节 论文研究领域的文献回顾··························································2
第三节 论文研究的结构体系与分析框架·················································7
第四节 论文研究的几点说明································································9
第二章 我国行政管理支出的实证分析 ···················································· 11
第一节 行政管理支出简介及其增长趋势分析········································· 11
第二节 我国行政管理支出的误差修正模型分析······································ 16
第三章 我国公务员数量以及收入水平分析 ·············································· 27
第一节 近年来我国公务员数量的增长趋势分析······································ 27
第二节 我国公务员收入水平研究························································ 30
第四章 公务员收入增长与行政管理支出扩张的关联性分析 ························· 46
第一节 公务员收入增长与行政管理支出扩张的相关程度量化 ···················· 46
第二节 合理控制行政管理支出扩张趋势的对策分析································ 48
第三节 基于新制度经济学理论的几点启示············································ 52
参考文献 ························································································· 55
致 谢 ························································································· 57
浙江财经学院硕士学位论文
1
第一章 绪 论
第一节 论文研究的选题意义
近年来,我国行政管理支出一直处于超常增长状态。这一问题引起了许多学
者的关注。沈峰(2002)认为,我国行政管理支出急剧扩张主要由政府官员追求
过量预算所致,为此,他建议通过精简政府机构、引入市场竞争机制、完善行政
制度设计等措施来加以解决,以提高行政效率。张雷宝(2003)建立了行政管理
支出与 GDP、财政总支出以及物价水平的计量经济模型,以量化上述变量之间的
相关性。刘欣(2004)从机制层面、观念层面、行为层面、制度层面以及结构层
面分析了我国行政管理支出膨胀的原因。吴志文(2004)则指出,行政管理支出
增长过快的主要原因在于公用经费增长的不合理以及落后地区行政管理支出占财
政总支出的比重较高。而郧彦辉(2005)认为,渐进的经济体制改革方式、财政
体制本身的缺陷、机构设置和人员编制缺乏科学性以及政府官员追求自身利益最
大化的动机是造成我国行政管理支出过度扩张的主要原因。
应该指出的是,在上述这些具有代表性的研究成果中不乏实证分析。然而,
这些实证研究的重点几乎全都集中在行政管理支出的总量分析上,对其人员经费
和办公经费这一支出结构方面的考察还是一个理论空白。显然,在这里数据成了
最大的困难。但是,在行政管理支出连年超常增长,其人员经费部分的比重也日
渐增加 这一现实背景下,考察人员经费增长与行政管理支出扩张之间的相关性是
具有重大意义的。因为人员经费、办公经费以及行政管理支出三者在绝对规模上
都呈现增长趋势,而人员经费占行政管理支出的比重同样也处于上升状态,因此,
笔者认为,人员经费的过快增长导致了行政管理支出的急剧扩张。本文的写作目
的就在于验证这一结论。
1991 年第 49 期的《财政研究资料》中已有显示,自 1985 年至 1990 年人员经费在行政管理支出中所占
比重由 47.4%上升到 50%。详见:财政部文教行政财务司.“七五”时期行政费支出简析[J].财政研究资料,
1991(49)23-31
摘要:

浙江财经学院硕士学位论文I摘要行政管理支出是国家行使其基本职能所必须花费的一项支出。一般而言,其增长规模应该与一国GDP、税收总收入等经济指标的增长幅度基本保持一致。然而,近年来我国行政管理支出的增长趋势却呈现出了急剧扩张的态势,其增长速度不仅远高于上述经济指标,更是在各类财政支出中高居榜首,实已成为财政支出的一个沉重负担。通过建立经济计量模型,对行政管理支出的总量分析可以得出其和GDP、税收总收入等经济变量之间的高度正相关关系,但是却无法回答为何近年来我国行政管理支出增长如此迅猛这一问题。实际上,研究行政管理支出急剧扩张问题的真正途径在于结构分析。按费用要素分类的行政管理支出可以归为人员经费...

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作者:李江 分类:高等教育资料 价格:150积分 属性:61 页 大小:491.92KB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-09-20

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