北京城市化进程中住宅郊区化研究

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中文摘要

北京自20世纪80年代开始由向心城市化阶段向城郊化阶段转化。北京的郊区

化首先从工业由城区向郊外迁移开始，伴随其出现人口郊区化，而住宅郊区化作

为人口郊区化的直接体现，在20世纪90年代出现，并随即全面发展起来。住宅郊

区化是指城市化进程中，由于多种因素的共同作用，出现的大规模城市住宅由中

心区向郊区分散化的扩展和演变过程,它是由向心型城市化向离心型城市化转化的

必然过程，对城市经济、社会发展产生了巨大影响。

本文在综述国内外住宅郊区化相关理论的基础上，结合北京当前住宅市场的

实际，对北京市住宅郊区化现象作了全面的分析。本文首先分析了北京市城市化

进入城郊化阶段人口的时空变迁进程。随着城区大规模的人口外迁，必然导致郊

区住宅大规模建设，促使住宅郊区化现象的出现，因此本文接着分析了北京市住

宅郊区化发展的现状，包括发展过程、布局特征、居民近年来居住区位选择、影

响以及目前存在的问题。然后对目前存在问题的动因进行了探讨，并导出了北京

市住宅郊区化动力机制的架构。最后对北京市住宅郊区化发展提出了相应的对策

建议。

本文的创新点首先是总结了建国以来北京住宅郊区化发展脉络，阐述了其发

展现状、动力机制以及存在问题，并提出了相应的对策建议，是比较系统地阐述

北京住宅郊区化的研究成果。其次组建了北京市住宅郊区化动力机制的架构。创

新性提出了其动力机制主要集中在以下三个方面：市场力、制度力、环境力。其

中制度力是主导、市场力是引擎、环境力是促进，三者共同构成了北京市住宅郊

区化的动力机制。

论文分为七章。

第一章为绪论部分。主要阐述了：问题的提出、国内外研究综述、研究方法

和创新点、研究框架。

第二章介绍了住宅郊区化的相关理论，主要包括：城市化理论、郊区化理论、

住宅区位理论、城市居住空间结构理论。

第三章介绍了北京市城市化进程中人口时空变迁。首先回顾了建国以后北京

地区城市化进程；然后从不同地域圈层、不同区县、常住户籍人口、外来人口四

个方面分析了北京市城市化进程中人口时空变迁。

第四章分析了北京城市化进程中住宅郊区化发展的现状。主要包括：发展过

程、布局特征、居民近年来居住区位选择、影响以及目前存在的问题。

第五章探讨了北京市住宅郊区化的动力机制。首先对北京市住宅郊区化目前

存在问题的动因进行了分析，由此导出了北京市住宅郊区化动力机制的整体架构。

第六章对北京市住宅郊区化可持续发展提出了相应的对策建议。

第七章是结论及展望。

关键词：城市化住宅郊区化现状动力机制对策

ABSTRACT

Since 1980, Beijing has begun the conversion from centralization to

suburbanization, which started with movement of the industry area and the

suburbanization of the population. The suburbanization of residential area as the

indication of population suburbanization took place in 1990s and proceeded in the later

years. Residential suburbanization is a separate and evolutional process in which a large

of city residence moved from the city center to the outer suburb area because of the

influence of various factors during the urbanization. It is a necessary step in the

conversion from the centripetal-type urbanization to the centrifugal-type urbanization. It

has an enormous impact on the development of urban economy and society.

This essay systematically analyses the phenomenon of residential suburbanization

in Beijing, on the basis of the domestic and the international residential suburbanization

theories and the reality of the residential market in Beijing. Firstly, the essay analyses

the conversion process from the urbanization to suburbanization in Beijing in the

time-dimension. The large movement of population to outer area led to the continuous

increase in the quantity of residential buildings in suburban, which accelerate the

phenomenon of the residence suburbanization at that time. This essay analyses the

actuality of the development of the residential suburbanization in Beijing, including

development process, layout characteristic, the choice of residential areas of citizens,

influential factors and problems remaining. Then the essay discusses the reason of the

problems, and educes the infrastructure of the power mechanism of residential

suburbanization in Beijing. Lastly, it puts forward to the suggestion for the development

of residential suburbanization in Beijing.

The first point of innovation is that the essay summarizes the development

venation of residential suburbanization in Beijing since the foundation of P. R. China;

expounds the actuality, the power mechanism and problems. And put forward to the

solutions and suggestion. The essay expounds residential suburbanization in Beijing

systematically, based on the residential suburbanization theories. The second point is the

establishment of the infrastructure of the power mechanism of residential

suburbanization in Beijing. It puts forward to the power mechanism including market

power, system power and environment power. The market power is dominant one; the

system power is as an engine; and the environment power is the accelerator. Three

factors constitute the power mechanism of residential suburbanization in Beijing.

The essay is built up with seven chapters:

Chapter one is the introduction, including research background, summarization of

domestic and international researches, the methodology used in the research and

innovative points, frame of the research.

Chapter two introduces and analyses the relevant theories of residential

suburbanization, including theories of urbanization, theories of suburbanization,

theories of residential areas, theories of the structure of urban inhabiting space.

Chapter three introduces the conversion process from the urbanization to

suburbanization in Beijing in the time-dimension. Firstly it reviews the process of

urbanization after foundation of the P. R. China. Secondly it systematically analyses the

conversion, in time-dimension, of population in tenor of urbanization in Beijing from

the views of different territories, different districts, registered population and external

population.

Chapter four introduces the actuality of development of residential

suburbanization in Beijing, including development process, layout characteristic, the

choices in residential area, influential factors and existing problems.

Chapter five discusses the power mechanism of residential suburbanization in

Beijing. Firstly, it analyses the reason and then educe the infrastructure of the power

mechanism of residential suburbanization in Beijing.

Chapter six proposes several suggestions in the continuable development of

residential suburbanization in Beijing.

Chapter seven is the conclusion, expectation and problems which requiring future

research.

Key Word：centralization，residential suburbanization，actuality，the

power mechanism，suggestion

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .......................................................... 1

§1.1 问题的提出 ................................................. 1

§1.2 国内外相关研究综述 ......................................... 2

§1.2.1 国外研究的综述 ........................................ 2

§1.2.2 国内研究的综述 ........................................ 3

§1.2.3 评价 .................................................. 5

§1.3 本文的研究方法和创新点 ..................................... 5

§1.4 本文的研究框架 ............................................. 6

第二章住宅郊区化相关理论 ............................................ 7

§2.1 城市化理论 ................................................. 7

§2.2 郊区化理论 ................................................ 11

§2.3 住宅区位理论 .............................................. 16

§2.4 城市居住区空间结构理论 .................................... 19

第三章北京市人口城市化的时空变迁进程 ............................... 21

§3.1 北京地区城市化简介 ........................................ 21

§3.1.1 建国以后北京地区城市化进程 ........................... 21

§3.1.2 北京地区人口城市化具体分析 ........................... 21

§3.1.3 北京城市化的水平、特征以及趋势 ...................... 22

§3.2 北京市人口城市化的时空变迁研究 ............................ 22

§3.2.1 北京中心区与郊区地域的界定 ........................... 22

§3.2.2 北京市人口城市化时空变迁的阶段划分 ................... 23

§3.2.3 北京市人口数量和密度的空间变动 ....................... 24

第四章北京城市化进程中住宅郊区化发展的现状 ......................... 34

§4.1 北京市住宅郊区化发展过程 .................................. 34

§4.2 北京市住宅郊区化布局特征 .................................. 38

§4.3 近年来北京市居民住宅区位选择 .............................. 41

§4.4 北京住宅郊区化的有利影响及目前存在的问题 .................. 43

§4.4.1 北京住宅郊区化的有利影响 ............................. 43

§4.4.2 目前存在的问题 ....................................... 45

第五章北京市住宅郊区化发展的动力机制探讨 ........................... 47

§5.1 北京市住宅郊区化目前存在问题的动因探讨 .................... 47

§5.2 北京市住宅郊区化的动力归纳 ................................ 48

§5.3 北京市住宅郊区化动力机制架构 .............................. 53

第六章北京市住宅郊区化发展的对策建议 ............................... 54

§6.1 合理规划 .................................................. 54

§6.2 城中村现象治理 ............................................ 55

§6.3 合理安排城市空间布局 ...................................... 55

§6.4 防止城市居住空间的严重分异 ................................ 56

§6.5 城市交通建设 .............................................. 56

§6.6 基础配套设施建设 .......................................... 58

§6.7 生态环境建设 .............................................. 58

第七章结论及展望 ................................................... 60

§7.1 结论 ...................................................... 60

§7.2 展望 ...................................................... 61

§7.3 本文的不足之处 ............................................ 63

参考文献 ............................................................ 64

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ...................... 67

致谢 ............................................................ 68

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摘要：

中文摘要北京自20世纪80年代开始由向心城市化阶段向城郊化阶段转化。北京的郊区化首先从工业由城区向郊外迁移开始，伴随其出现人口郊区化，而住宅郊区化作为人口郊区化的直接体现，在20世纪90年代出现，并随即全面发展起来。住宅郊区化是指城市化进程中，由于多种因素的共同作用，出现的大规模城市住宅由中心区向郊区分散化的扩展和演变过程,它是由向心型城市化向离心型城市化转化的必然过程，对城市经济、社会发展产生了巨大影响。本文在综述国内外住宅郊区化相关理论的基础上，结合北京当前住宅市场的实际，对北京市住宅郊区化现象作了全面的分析。本文首先分析了北京市城市化进入城郊化阶段人口的时空变迁进程。随着城区大规模的人口...

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