布袋送风特性研究及其在大空间建筑中的应用

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摘要

室内环境的营造对人类舒适、健康起着至关重要的作用，人们对室内环境的

关注不再仅局限于舒适性，同时对室内空气品质也提出了要求。各种空调设备和

送风形式也随之出现，布袋风管就是其中一种新型的送风方式。布袋风管采用纤

维做材料，利用纤维的渗透性来送风，同时又可以在风管上开启不同的小孔或者

条缝，来实现射流或者条缝送风以满足不同的气流组织的需要。整个送风可以使

室内空气均匀，温度梯度较小，较好地满足舒适性要求；同时，空调风通过布袋

风管向室内送风时，由于其自身特有的送风模式和过滤特性，能够对空气中的细

微灰尘和细菌有效过滤而获得清洁卫生的新鲜空气。本文对布袋送风特性进行了

理论分析，同时以上海理工大学大空间建筑室内热环境实验基地建筑为研究对象，

在实测的基础上进行了布袋送风特性和室内环境特性的分析和探讨。

布袋风管有不同的送风形式，在实际工程应用时，进行科学、合理的选择对

于室内热环境的舒适性尤为重要。通过对不同建筑形式及其使用特点，介绍了不

同布袋送风模式的确定方法及选型计算依据，同时也给出了特定布袋形式下的布

袋参数的确定方法。针对纯喷射式布袋进行了送风条件下理论方面的计算和推导，

结果表明布袋送风效果受多方面的影响，包括布袋静压、开孔个数及开孔大小等。

布袋送风时，布袋直径、孔口面积、孔口间距、风量及静压存在一定的函数关系；

论文还对纯渗透型布袋进行了送风条件下的沿程压力及渗透特点的关系推导计

算。结果表明，布袋渗透送风时，布袋直径、布袋纤维渗透率、风量及静压满足

一定的函数关系。

利用大空间建筑室内热环境实验基地的实验实施进行了布袋送风条件下的沿

程压力、沿程风速及室内风环境等的测定，并利用测定结果，对布袋送风特性及

室内风环境进行了较为详尽的分析。结果表明，布袋送风时沿程阻力较小，各处

压力衰减较为均匀；在进行压力测试时，测试结果也较为稳定。布袋开孔送风速

度不仅取决于静压的大小，还与布袋风管内动压有关。虽然布袋沿程动压由于孔

口送风逐步减小，但由于布袋阻力较小，出现静压复得现象，沿程开孔风速的变

化反而不明显。因此，该种形式下的布袋送风较为均匀，维持了室内较好的气流

组织。总体来说，在布袋送风条件下，室内人员活动区风速较为稳定，各测点之

间风速变化不大。但是，在不同条件下，实验时外界条件对室内风速的影响较为

明显。特别是在测试时，门窗的开启程度对附近测试点风速的影响较大；同时，

由于回风的影响，在靠近回风口处风速较对称位置风速要大。

本文在大空间建筑室内热环境实验基地室内热环境测试结果的基础上，对室

内热环境状况、

PMV 计算结果进行了分析，并利用 Airpak 模拟软件进行了数值模

拟。测试结果发现，送风与室内垂直温度之差最高可达 6℃左右。一般来说，对于

高大空间建筑在垂直方向上温度随高度增加而上升；但是在该建筑中，在靠近布

袋送风处，由于布袋送风射流的影响，垂直方向出现局部温度降低的现象。数值

模拟时，对于该种喷射渗透型布袋采用条缝形式风口代替密集的布袋开孔能收到

较好的计算结果。

关键词：布袋风管送风特性压力渗透大空间建筑热环境特性

CFD 模拟 PMV 指标

ABSTRACT

Because of the importance of indoor environment to human comfort and health,

people pay attention not only to the comfort but also to the indoor air quality. In order to

match such requirements, various kinds of air-conditioning devices and air-dispersion

systems have been developed. Fabric ducts are one of the newly developed devices.

Fabric duct is made of special fabric. The air is discharged through a combination of

porous fabrics, engineered orifices and linear vents to meet a large range of indoor

environment requirements. A reasonable selection of the fabric duct can ensure the

indoor comfort, and at the same time it can filtrate the air through the fabric material

because of its characteristics to obtain clean air. The present research focuses on the

academic analysis and experimental investigation on the characteristics of air

distribution supplied by the fabric ducts. Including to take a large space building with

fabric duct as research object in University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,

systematically analyzes the characteristics of air distribution of fabric duct and the

building environment characteristics based on measurement contents.

Fabric duct has several air-dispersion forms, so it is very important to obtain

scientific and reasonable selection and calculation in the application of project. This

paper introduces the model and characteristics of fabric duct in different buildings, and

also gives an introduction about calculation methods of fabric duct. There is a academic

calculation and analysis about pure orifice fabric duct, the results indicate that

air-dispersion characteristics are affected by many factors including the static pressure,

the numbers and the sizes of orifices, a function must be built about the static pressure,

air volume, the numbers and sizes of orifices and the distance between the orifices. This

paper also makes an analysis and calculation about the static pressure and the

characteristics of porous along the fabric duct about pure porous fabric duct. The results

indicate that a function is existed about the static pressure, air volume, the diameter and

leakage coefficient of fabric duct.

A series of measurements of pressure and velocity along the fabric duct except for

velocity environment in a large space building were carried out, the real measurement

conditions were used for an analysis and calculation. The results indicate that the

frictional resistance is very small along the fabric duct and the pressure is reducing

slowly and equably; the testing of results pressure is also steady. The velocity of orifices

is related with static pressure and velocity pressure. Though the velocity pressure

becomes smaller and smaller because of the air-dispersion along the fabric duct, the

difference of supply-air velocity between all the orifices is small because the frictional

resistance is so small and the static pressure regains. So airflow of the building is good

because of its uniformity air-dispersion. In all, the velocity in occupied zone is steady

and uniformity. But the velocity is affected obviously by wild environment under

different testing conditions, especially the open ranges of windows and doors affect the

velocity obviously in the occupied zone; Meanwhile, return-air has a great influence to

velocity of occupied zone.

The thermal environment and PMV are discussed based on the tested results about

the large space building; a numerical simulation is also carried out with Airpak software.

The difference between inlet air temperature and the highest air temperature is nearly

6℃in this building. In general, the temperature is increasing along the height in large

space building, but a local lower temperature exists in the vertical height because of the

influence of cooling jet from fabric orifice. Linear slot diffusers replaced the serried

orifices can receive better results in the numerical simulation when it refers orifice and

porous fabric duct.

Key Word: fabric duct, characteristics of supplying air, pressure,

porous, large space building, thermal environment

characteristics, CFD simulation, PMV index

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论............................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 课题的提出及研究意义....................................................................................... 1

§1.2 布袋送风系统原理及研究应用概况................................................................... 2

§1.2.1 布袋送风系统原理........................................................................................ 2

§1.2.2 布袋送风研究应用概况............................................................................... 4

§1.3 室内热环境研究概况及 CFD 在暖通空调中的应用........................................... 6

§1.3.1 室内热环境研究概况.................................................................................... 7

§1.3.2 CFD 技术在暖通空调领域中的应用........................................................... 9

§1.4 本文主要研究内容............................................................................................. 10

第二章布袋送风系统设计要点及送风特性理论研究............................................. 11

§2.1 布袋送风系统设计要点..................................................................................... 11

§2.1.1 布袋送风系统送风模式的确定.................................................................. 11

§2.1.2 布袋送风系统布袋参数的确定.................................................................. 12

§2.2 布袋风管空气流动特性方程建立..................................................................... 15

§2.2.1 布袋风管空气流动基本理论...................................................................... 15

§2.2.2 纯喷射式布袋风管空气流动特性方程...................................................... 20

§2.2.3 纯渗透式布袋风管空气流动特性方程...................................................... 22

§2.3 布袋风管特性研究与分析................................................................................. 25

§2.2.1 纯喷射式布袋风管特性研究与分析.......................................................... 25

§2.2.2 纯渗透式布袋风管特性研究与分析.......................................................... 26

§2.4 小结..................................................................................................................... 28

第三章大空间建筑布袋送风特性测试与分析......................................................... 29

§3.1 大空间建筑室内热环境实验基地及其空调概况............................................. 29

§3.1.1 大空间建筑室内热环境实验基地建筑概况.............................................. 29

§3.1.2 布袋送风空调系统简介.............................................................................. 30

§3.2 布袋送风系统特性测试方法与测点布置......................................................... 32

§3.2.1 测试对象与测试目的.................................................................................. 32

§3.2.2 测试状态及测试工况.................................................................................. 32

§3.2.3 测试内容和测点布置及测试方法.............................................................. 32

§3.3 布袋送风测试结果与分析................................................................................. 34

§3.3.1 布袋沿程压力测试及结果分析.................................................................. 34

§3.3.2 布袋沿程风速测试及结果分析.................................................................. 35

§3.3.3 布袋送风测试结果与特性分析.................................................................. 36

§3.4 布袋送风条件下室内风环境测试及烟雾实验................................................. 38

§3.4.1 布袋送风条件下室内风环境测试及结果分析.......................................... 38

§3.4.2 布袋送风烟雾实验...................................................................................... 40

§3.5 小结..................................................................................................................... 41

第四章大空间建筑热环境实测与模拟分析............................................................. 43

§4.1 大空间建筑工况测试体系设计方案................................................................. 43

§4.1.1 测试对象与测试目的.................................................................................. 43

§4.1.2 测试状态及测试工况.................................................................................. 43

§4.1.3 测试内容和主要测试仪器.......................................................................... 43

§4.2 布袋风管送风条件下室内热环境测试方法与测点布置................................. 44

§4.2.1 人员活动区域温度与风速测点布置.......................................................... 44

§4.2.2 大空间建筑其他环境参数测点布置.......................................................... 46

§4.3 室内表面温度测试方法与结果......................................................................... 47

§4.3.1 表面温度测试对象确定.............................................................................. 47

§4.3.2 壁面温度测试结果及分析.......................................................................... 47

§4.4 大空间建筑 CFD 模型概况及边界条件设置................................................... 49

§4.4.1 Airpak 模拟软件简介.................................................................................. 49

§4.4.2 模拟用物理模型简介.................................................................................. 50

§4.4.3 边界条件的特殊处理.................................................................................. 50

§4.4.4 模拟工况及其边界条件设置...................................................................... 53

§4.5 室内热环境模拟结果与实测对比..................................................................... 53

§4.5.1 室内垂直温度模拟结果与实测对比.......................................................... 53

§4.5.2 室内温度场及速度场特性模拟分析.......................................................... 55

§4.5.3 室内 PMV 模拟结果与实测对比............................................................... 56

§4.6 小结..................................................................................................................... 57

§4.6.1 大空间建筑热环境测试与模拟.................................................................. 58

§4.6.2 喷射渗透型布袋送风边界条件的设定...................................................... 58

第五章结论及展望..................................................................................................... 60

§5.1 结论..................................................................................................................... 60

§5.2 有待继续研究的内容......................................................................................... 61

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摘要：

摘要室内环境的营造对人类舒适、健康起着至关重要的作用，人们对室内环境的关注不再仅局限于舒适性，同时对室内空气品质也提出了要求。各种空调设备和送风形式也随之出现，布袋风管就是其中一种新型的送风方式。布袋风管采用纤维做材料，利用纤维的渗透性来送风，同时又可以在风管上开启不同的小孔或者条缝，来实现射流或者条缝送风以满足不同的气流组织的需要。整个送风可以使室内空气均匀，温度梯度较小，较好地满足舒适性要求；同时，空调风通过布袋风管向室内送风时，由于其自身特有的送风模式和过滤特性，能够对空气中的细微灰尘和细菌有效过滤而获得清洁卫生的新鲜空气。本文对布袋送风特性进行了理论分析，同时以上海理工大学大空间建筑室...

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