戏剧主义修辞批评视角下经济语篇中的论辩

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 5 4 879.6KB 89 页 15积分

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ABSTRACT

Subprime lending crisis of 2007 sprang from the United States caused world

economic recession which is the most grievous global economic crisis since 1930s.

Under this situation, Chinese output gallops ahead at an 8% annual rate. All circles and

economists at home and abroad have voiced different opinions about this “Chinese

Myth”. Some tend to be optimistic and think Chinese economy will maintain high

growth and pull along the world economy, while others seem to be pessimistic. They

regard the rapid growth of China as a bubble economy analogous to Japanese economy

before the breakdown of 1980s. Of traditional view, economic discourse is a vehicle of

spreading knowledge more than a subjective thought requiring authentication. Critics

pay more attention on how to illustrate the facts and theories clearly in the economic

discourse, so they mostly analyzed these discourses from the aspects of stylistics and

metaphor instead of argumentation. The above-mentioned contradictory opinions on

Chinese economy oppugn the traditional view of economic discourse. Actually,

economic discourse is a reflection of subjective motivation or opinion which requires

some rhetorical skills to persuade readers. That is right the weak point of traditional

analytic procedure on economic discourse. Thus this thesis takes a most popular

dramatistic perspective to analyze the argumentation in economic discourse.

Dramatistic criticism is the great contribution to the field of rhetorical criticism by

Kenneth Burke. He regards language as symbolic action as well as drama, via dramatic

analysis of language to find out the rhetoric motivation behind each discourse. Pentadic

analysis, the most widely used and most influential method of dramatistic criticism, is a

complete embodiment of Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical theories. In the theoretical part of

this thesis, the author traces the theoretical base from two aspects — humanistic view

and linguistic one. The operation procedure can be illustrated from three steps, firstly

identifying the five pentadic elements of a rhetorical act, then finding the leading

element through the analysis on these pentadic ratios and finally discovering the hidden

rhetorical motive in the discourse during the process of analysis on the deconstruction

of the facts in the discourse.

These two economic discourses quoted in this thesis are selected respectively from

the famous American financial magazine — The Forbes and authoritative British

periodical — The Economist. They hold completely different views on the current

iii

situation and development trend of Chinese economy. According to the pentadic

criticism, vary discourses even on the same event might select different leading pentadic

ratios to form the various opinions. Simultaneously during the procedure of analysis on

the two samples, this thesis introduces three important rhetorical concepts of Burke —

identification, terministic screen and logology. Via the contrastive analysis on these two

samples, this thesis presents how the economic discourse creates different realities to

readers and reaches a consensus with them by way of distinctive terministic screen and

other rhetorical strategies. Finally, with the theory of Ronald and Walter, this thesis

analyzes the degree of literariness in economic discourse and point out that economic

discourse is a category of writing with high degree of literariness. The argument and

application of rhetoric concept such as terministic screen etc. conceal its literariness and

succeed in achieving the rhetor’s motive and its pragmatic meaning. To sum up, in the

theoretical frame of pentadic criticism this thesis proceeds its analysis based on these

three concepts — terministic screen, identification and degree of literariness.

Through a dramatistic analysis on the two samples of Chinese economy, this thesis

discovers that economic discourse is actually a writing of high degree of literariness. In

order to achieve the motive and pragmatic value in economic discourse, the

argumentation and these rhetoric methods conceal its subjectivity. Setting the purpose

that conceived by the rhetor subjectively as dominant, sample one selects some data and

examples prejudicedly and gives a conclusion of “irresponsible Chinese government

makes up China bubble ”, while combining with the current situation sample two

operates an objectively and completely analysis on the data and cases leading by act.

Impelled by vary motivations, different authors will arrange the argumentation by

selecting beneficial data and highlighting the diversified elements in the same event,

which help them to persuade readers. Started with the analysis of economic discourse

on the trend of Chinese economy, this thesis focuses on the argumentation in economic

discourse and its social influence. That could promote the development of economic

rhetoric as well as putting forward a hint to the issue of defending the national interest

under this new situation with economic discourse.

Key Words: dramatistic criticism,argumentation, economic discourse

摘要

2007 年发源于美国的次贷危机引发了世界性经济衰退,这次经济危机是上世

纪 30 年代世界经济危机以来最严重的全球性经济危机。然而在这种形势下中国经

济却一枝独秀，连续保持高增长。针对这个“中国神话”,经济学家及各界人士争

相发表不同的看法。有的比较乐观，认为中国经济将持续快速发展并拉动世界经

济；有的则比较悲观，认为中国的高增长只不过是泡沫，同上个世纪八十年代经

济崩溃前的日本相差无几。在传统观念中,经济语篇是一种传播知识的载体而非需

要验证的主观看法。批评家们对经济语篇的关注也聚焦在如何更清楚地阐述理论

和事实，因此多从文体和隐喻方面分析经济语篇，却忽略了经济语篇是如何进行

论辩的。上述两种对中国经济前景相左的观点更质疑了对经济语篇的传统看法。

实际上经济语篇也是主观动机和观点的体现，需要运用修辞技巧去劝服别人，这

正是传统经济语篇分析方法的弱项。因此本文采用了修辞批评中应用范围最广的

戏剧主义修辞批评范式来分析经济语篇的论辩。

戏剧主义修辞批评范式是美国著名修辞学家 Kenneth Burke 对修辞学的一项伟

大贡献。他将语言视为戏剧，一种语言行为，并通过对语言的戏剧性分析来找出

文本背后的修辞动机。而戏剧五因素分析法是戏剧主义修辞批评范式中最重要也

是应用最广的一种，是伯克修辞思想的完全体现。本文分别从人性论和语言论两

个角度来论述了该分析法的理论基础。其操作过程包涵三个步骤，首先研究并确

认文本中修辞行为的五个戏剧性要素，然后通过分析由五因素构成的关系对子找

出主导的因素，最后通过对文本事实的构建过程的解析来发掘文本背后隐藏的修

辞动机。

文中分析的两个经济语篇分别摘自美国著名的财经期刊《福布斯》和英国权

威杂志《经济学家》，两个文本对中国经济的现况和发展趋势有着截然不同的观

点。根据戏剧五因素分析法，针对同一事件不同的语篇安排的关系对子主次地位

各异，主导因素的选择便形成了不同的观点。同时在分析经济语篇的过程中，本

文引入了伯克的重要修辞概念——同一，术语屏和符号体系理论。通过对两篇经

济文本的对比分析,本文阐述了经济语篇是如何运用独具特色的术语屏及其他修

辞策略来构建语篇，从而呈献给读者不同的事实，与读者达成同一。最后，结合

Ronald 和Walter 的理论本文分析了经济语篇的文学梯度，指出经济语篇是一个文

学性较高的范畴。但经济语篇的论证过程及术语屏等修辞方法的运用则掩盖了其

文学性，从而使经济语篇能顺利的实现作者的动机及经济语篇的实用意义。总的

来说，本文在戏剧五因素的理论框架下，结合术语屏，同一和文学梯度这三个概

念展开。

通过对经济危机下中国经济前景语篇的戏剧主义修辞分析，本文发现经济语

篇实际上是一种文学度较高的作品。作者借助经济语篇的论辩及术语屏，同一等

修辞手段的应用掩盖其主观性，从而顺利实现经济语篇的实用价值。实例一以作

者主观臆想的目的为主导，片面的选取了一些数据和例子得出“不负责任的中国

政府编造泡沫经济”的结论；实例二则以行为为主导结合现状，对这些数据和例

子进行客观的，全面的分析。不同的动机驱使作者选择对自己有利的数据，凸显

同一事件中的不同因素来构建语篇，从而使读者接受自己的观点。本文从涉及中

国发展趋势的经济语篇入手，关注经济语篇的论辩及其对社会的影响，不仅对经

济修辞学起到一定的推动作用，也为如何在新形势下利用经济语篇维护国家利益

等问题提出一些思考。

关键词: 戏剧主义修辞批评论辩经济语篇

List of Tables

Table 4.1 ......................................................................................................................... 35

Table 4.2 ......................................................................................................................... 46

Table 4.3 ......................................................................................................................... 49

Contents

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................ii

摘要 ............................................................................................................................. iv

Chapter One Introduction ..............................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Research ............................................................................... 1

1.2 Significance of the Research ...............................................................................3

1.3 Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................. 5

Chapter Two Literature Review .................................................................................... 7

2.1 Previous Research on Methodology of Economic Discourse .............................7

2.2 Previous Research on Modern Economic Discourse .......................................... 8

2.2.1 Henderson’s View ........................................................................................ 9

2.2.2 McCloskey’s View ..................................................................................... 10

2.3 Domestic Reasearch on Economic Discourse ...................................................12

2.4 Summary ........................................................................................................... 12

Chapter Three The Model of Dramatistic Criticism ................................................. 14

3.1 Definition of Dramatistic Criticism .................................................................. 14

3.2 Theoretical Bases of Dramatistic Criticism ...................................................... 15

3.2.1 A Humanistic View .................................................................................... 15

3.2.2 A Linguistic View ...................................................................................... 17

3.2.3 Summary .................................................................................................... 20

3.3 Operation of Dramatistic Criticism ...................................................................21

3.3.1 Definition of Pentad ................................................................................... 21

3.3.2 Pentadic Ratios ...........................................................................................23

3.3.3 Terministic Screen ......................................................................................25

3.3.4 Identification and Logology .......................................................................27

3.3.5 Summary .................................................................................................... 30

Chapter Four Analyses of Economic Discourses on Prospect for Chinese Economy

under the Financial Crisis ........................................................................................ 31

4.1 Background of These Two Discourses ..............................................................31

4.2 Sample Analyses ............................................................................................... 32

4.2.1 Sample One ................................................................................................33

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iiABSTRACTSubprimelendingcrisisof2007sprangfromtheUnitedStatescausedworldeconomicrecessionwhichisthemostgrievousglobaleconomiccrisissince1930s.Underthissituation,Chineseoutputgallopsaheadatan8%annualrate.Allcirclesandeconomistsathomeandabroadhavevoiceddifferentopinionsaboutthis“ChineseMyth”.Sometend...

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