型材拉弯成形机理及响应面优化

VIP免费
3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 4 4 2.36MB 69 页 15积分
侵权投诉
摘要
在当今社会所面临的众多问题中,能源问题一个突出的问题。正是在这个大
背景下,有关轻量化设计问题受到人们越来越多的关注。根据金属材料的属性,
铝型材在汽车、航空航天等领域有着广泛的应用。在众多的弯曲工艺中,拉弯工
艺有着特殊的优点,它具有成形精度高,零件贴膜度好,成形后回弹量小等特点,
能够成形结构复杂,尺寸较大的型材,因此在实际的型材加工中得到广泛的应用。
正因为如此,很多专家都在这一领域进行着深入的研究。但是,由于知识产权的
关系,很多研究成果没有公布,造成相关的文献较少。随着计算机计算的发展,
数值模拟方法将在以后的型材拉弯成形的研究过程中发挥更大的作用。
本文采用商业有限元软件 ABAQUS 作为模拟平台,建立了带切角的矩形截面
的铝型材拉弯有限元模型,对型材的拉弯成形过程和成形后的回弹进行了分析研
究。分析了在拉弯成形的过程中,型材厚度、拉弯半径、内充压强、预拉量、补
拉量等因素对成形精度的影响。本文的主要研究内容和结论如下:
1)数值模拟模型的建立
以带切角的矩形截面型材为例,来介绍型材拉弯成形的有限元模型的建立过
程。综合各因素,选择建立具有对称性的 1/2 型材模型,这样可以提高效率。本文
选用的是 6063 的铝合金型材。根据型材拉弯成形的需要,探讨成形过程中的载荷
条件,边界条件,接触条件等。综合在成形中遇到的各个因素,建立了可以模拟
型材拉弯成形过程的有限元模型。
2)数值模拟结果分析
分析了在拉弯成形过程中,不同拉弯半径,型材厚度,内充压强,预拉量、
补拉量等因素对拉弯成形截面精度的影响规律。本文选择中截面上的五个点偏离
预定外置的偏移量作为判别标准。随着拉弯半径的增大,型材厚度的增大,在合
适的内充压强下,截面的拉弯成形行都有变好的趋势,预拉量、补拉量对型材的
成形精度也有一定的影响,随着两者的增大,型材的壁厚减薄,影响型材的拉弯
成形性。利用正交实验法,选择预拉量、补拉量、内充压强三个因素,来进行几
组数值模拟,分别进行响应面法神经网络的训练,检验和优化,得到了优化后的
数值。
3)回弹的研究
由于在研究成形过程的时候选择的 ABAQUS/Explict 动态显示模块,而研究回
弹需要把显示结果导入到 Standard 静态隐式模块中。分析了拉弯半径,型材厚度,
内充压强,预拉量、补拉量等因素对型材拉弯成形回弹的影响规律。在形成件卸
载后,随着型材的壁厚增大,型材的回弹量减小,随着半径的增大,回弹量在增
大。而且预拉量、补拉量对回弹有着重大的影响,随着两者的增大,回弹减小。
关键词:铝合金,拉弯成形,有限元模拟,截面畸变,响应面法,神
经网络,遗传算法
ABSTRACT
In today society, energy issues become an increasingly serious problem.
Lightweight design is more and more attention. Due to the density of aluminum is
relatively small, so the aluminum profile are widely used in automotive, aerospace and
other fields. Bend-stretch forming has the advantage of high accuracy, great parts grade
of close with the die and high surface quality, so it can be used in the extrusion parts
with complex spatial structure, suit for the processing of large size extrusion. This
method is widely used in the actually production of extrusion processing. At present,
bend-stretch forming is becoming a hot area. Many of native and foreign researcher are
in search of it. But the related reports are limited besides the reports are scattered and
unstructured. As the result of computer science development, Numerical Simulation as
of the most important methods is widely used in profile stretch bending.
This article use Finite element simulation software ABAQUS as a platform,
building a Finite element model of Square Tube Aluminum Profile, analyze the cross
distortion and the spring back, discuss in the process of the extrusion stretch bending,
what’s influence about the bending radius, thickness of extrusion, pre-stretching
superimposed stretching will take on the cross section distortion and springback. The
research and results are as followings:
1) Modeling a finite element of profile’s stretch bending
With a Square Tube Aluminum Profile as an example, to introduce the process of
modeling a finite element of profile’s stretch bending. Comprehensive every factors,
select 1/2 length of profile to establish a symmetry modeling. This article use AA6063
to do simulation. According to the need of profile’s stretch bending, discussing the load
condition, boundary condition, the contact condition etc in the process of stretch
bending. As the result, establish a suitable finite element model for the stretch bending
simulation of profile.
2) Numerical simulation research on the process of profile’s stretch bending
The effects of different bending radius, profile’s wall thickness, pre-stretching and
superimposed stretching on cross section’s distortion of profile’s stretch bending was
obtained through analysis on finite element model. Choice 5 points of middle cross
section deviated from the predetermined external offset as the judgment standard. With
the suitable filling pressure, along with the bending radius and section thickness
increases, scetion’s distortion has a good trend. Pre-stretching and superimposed
stretching also has a certain influence on it, with the increase of the two factors, the
thickness of the profile become thin, effecting the profile’s stretch bending. Using
orthogonal experimental method, select pre-stretching, superimposed stretching and the
filled pressure as the three factors, to do some numerical simulations, use it to training,
testing, and optimization the response surface method neural network, at last, obtain the
optimized numerical.
3) Numerical analysis of profile’s springback
In the bend-stretch forming, the formation process of extrusion was simulated by
ABAQUS/Explicit dynamic display module, after that, save the result and then input the
formation result into the Standard static hidden module. It was found that the
springback amount after download of formed parts increased with the bend-stretch
radius increasing, decreases with the increase of profile thickness and pre-stretching and
superimposed stretching. Pre-stretching and superimposed stretching is the most
significant effect on the stretch bending.
Keywords: Aluminum Profile, Stretch Bending, Finite Element
Simulation, Response Surface Method, Neural Network,
Genetic Algorithm
目录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪论 ......................................................... 1
§1.1 引言 ......................................................... 1
§1.2 拉弯工艺的研究状况 ........................................... 1
§1.2.1 材料的本构方程和性能 ...................................... 2
§1.2.2 型材拉弯成形的研究方法和成果 .............................. 2
§1.3 响应面法的应用 ............................................... 4
§1.4 型材拉弯工艺中亟待解决的问题 ................................. 5
§1.5 数值模拟软件的有关介绍 ....................................... 7
§1.6 本课题的意义 ................................................. 8
§1.7 研究内容 ..................................................... 9
第二章 型材拉弯成形基本原理 ........................................ 10
§2.1 型材拉弯基本理论 ............................................. 10
§2.2 型材拉弯的方式和拉弯方法 .................................... 12
§2.2.1 型材拉弯成形的方式 ....................................... 12
§2.2.2 拉弯成形过程的拉弯方法 ................................... 12
§2. 3 塑形弯曲过程中的应力应变分析................................ 15
§2.4 型材拉弯过程中容易出现的问题和产品的缺陷 .................... 17
§2.5 小结 ........................................................ 18
第三章 建立有限元模型 .............................................. 19
§3.1 拉弯成形的控制方式 .......................................... 19
§3.2 建立有限元模型............................................... 19
§3.2.1 尺寸单元的选择 ........................................... 19
§3.2.2 材料属性的建立 ........................................... 20
§3.2.3 建立装配体 ............................................... 21
§3.2.4 建立合适的分析步 ......................................... 22
§3.2.5 设置边界条件 ............................................. 22
§3.2.6 划分模型的网格 ........................................... 23
§3.2.7 设置接触 ................................................. 24
§3.2.8 摩擦的处理 ............................................... 25
§3.3 小结 ........................................................ 25
第四章 带切角矩形截面的铝型材拉弯成形的数值模拟研究 ................ 26
§4.1 引言......................................................... 26
§4.2 各因素对截面畸变的影响规律 .................................. 26
§4.2.1 带切角矩形截面尺寸的定义 ................................. 26
§4.2.2 厚度对截面畸变的影响规律 ................................. 27
§4.2.3 拉弯半径对截面畸变的影响规律 ............................. 29
§4.2.4 预拉量和补拉量对截面畸变的影响规律 ....................... 32
§4.2.5 内充压强对截面畸变的影响规律 ............................. 33
§4.3 基于响应面方法的型材截面畸变优化............................. 34
§4.3.1 正交实验设计 ............................................. 34
§4.3.2 截面畸变的优化目标 ....................................... 34
§4.3.3 神经网络响应面 ........................................... 35
§4.3.4 神经网络响应面的训练 ..................................... 36
§4.3.5 遗传算法优 ............................................. 37
§4.4 小结 ........................................................ 38
第五章 型材拉弯数值模拟的回弹分析与研究 ............................ 40
§5.1 型材拉弯回弹的有关理论 ...................................... 41
§5.2 型材拉弯回弹数值模拟的几个关键问题处理 ...................... 42
§5.3 半径对型材拉弯回弹的影响..................................... 44
§5.3.1 拉弯回弹的表示方法 ....................................... 44
摘要:

摘要在当今社会所面临的众多问题中,能源问题一个突出的问题。正是在这个大背景下,有关轻量化设计问题受到人们越来越多的关注。根据金属材料的属性,铝型材在汽车、航空航天等领域有着广泛的应用。在众多的弯曲工艺中,拉弯工艺有着特殊的优点,它具有成形精度高,零件贴膜度好,成形后回弹量小等特点,能够成形结构复杂,尺寸较大的型材,因此在实际的型材加工中得到广泛的应用。正因为如此,很多专家都在这一领域进行着深入的研究。但是,由于知识产权的关系,很多研究成果没有公布,造成相关的文献较少。随着计算机计算的发展,数值模拟方法将在以后的型材拉弯成形的研究过程中发挥更大的作用。本文采用商业有限元软件ABAQUS作为模拟平...

展开>> 收起<<
型材拉弯成形机理及响应面优化.pdf

共69页,预览7页

还剩页未读, 继续阅读

作者:陈辉 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:69 页 大小:2.36MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

开通VIP享超值会员特权

  • 多端同步记录
  • 高速下载文档
  • 免费文档工具
  • 分享文档赚钱
  • 每日登录抽奖
  • 优质衍生服务
/ 69
客服
关注