猪主动脉冻干过程及结果的

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 5 4 3.11MB 56 页 15积分
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摘 要
根据我国流行病学的调查,近半个世纪以来,不论在农村或城市,心脑血管
疾病的发病率和死亡率都非常高。血管移植是临床治疗该疾病的一种有效疗法。
因此,研究血管的保存就显得十分必要。目前的研究表明,用真空冷冻干燥技术
保存活体组织是可行的实验方案。本课题将选用猪主动脉作为实验材料,找出相
对更优的冻干及复水条件,完善相关冻干理论。
真空冷冻干燥过程是一个非常复杂的传热传质过程,本课题Micro-CT、质
构仪、DMA 为研究手段,对冻干过程中的血管扫描图像进行重构,对复水后的血
管进行力学性能检测,从外观到性能分别展开讨论分析,确定猪主动脉冻干的较
优工艺。
首先,由于预冻阶段最关键的是对降温速率的控制,这在一定程度上决定了
冻干后物料品质的好坏。所以本实验采用快冻和慢冻两种不同方式对猪主动脉进
行预冻,通过微CT扫描图、横截面重构图、失水率、灰度值和孔隙率对两者进行
了比较、分析,得出在预冻阶段,慢冻比快冻更能保持冻干血管复水后在外观和
力学性能上与新鲜血管更为接近。
其次,在血管的真空冷冻干燥过程中,一次、二次干燥过程无疑是其最重要
的过程。本课题对猪主动脉血管进行了一次干燥温度为-30℃、
-25℃、
-20℃、
-15℃;
二次干燥温度为 5℃、10℃的实验,通过失水率、最大穿刺应力、最大轴向、周向
拉伸应力的比较,得出,在一次干燥温度为-20℃、二次干燥温度为 10℃时,失水
率最高,冻干更彻底,复水后力学性能更优,也更有利于常温保存。
之后,血管在设定温度-70℃、-20℃、10℃下进行冻干,通过微 CT 扫描图像、
重构横截面、最大穿刺应力、轴向、周向拉伸应力分析一次干燥应控制的最佳时
间为在血管温度达到-20℃在继续进行升华干燥直至血管温度不变,认为一次干燥
结束。
最后,经一定条件下冷冻干燥保存后的血管,必须要复水后才能用来移植。
那么后续复水应控制的最佳时间就决定了血管品质的好坏。通过对复水各阶段的
重量、扫描图、横截面重构图与新鲜血管比较得出,在复水初期,血管吸收水分
的速率很快。2-2.5h 时,血管已经接近饱和,3.5 小时时,就有水分析出的现
象发生。
关键词:猪主动脉 冷冻干燥 预冻速率 一次干燥 二次干燥 失水率
力学性能 复水时间
ABSTRACT
According to China epidemiological survey, in recent 50 years, cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Vascular tissue diseases are a sort of common
diseases, which can leads a block or bleeding in artery. This affects the metabolism of
tissue blooded by the artery. Vascular grafts are an effective method in curing this
disease currently. Consequently, the study on preservation of vascular tissue turns
necessary and become a popular issue. Current research shows, use vacuum
freeze-drying technology keep living tissue is feasible experiment scheme. This subject
selects the blood vessel of pig aorta as the experiment material. find a better
freeze-drying and rehydrated condition and perfect the related freeze-drying theory.
The freeze-drying is related with a complex heat and mass transfer process,
therefore this topic discusses various mechanism about freezing and drying, auxiliary
using Micro-CT as the research tool. The mechanical performance of the rehydrated
vessels was tested. From appearance to performance on discussion and analysis
respectively, determine the vessels with excellent process.
First, because the most key of the pre-cooled stage is cooling rate of the control.
This stage to a certain extent after freeze-drying the good quality of the materials. So
this experiment used quick freeze-drying and slow freeze-drying frozen blood vessel.
Through the micro CT scan graph and dehydration ratios, grey value and porosity,
compares the results show that in the cold stage, slow frozen can keep blood vessels in
appearance and mechanical properties closer to the fresh blood vessels than fast frozen.
Second, the blood vessels of the vacuum freeze-drying process, primary drying and
second drying process are the most important processes. We set the primary drying
temperature is: -30, -25, -20and-15; second drying temperature is: 10and
5. Through dehydration ratios, max puncture stress, the bigger circle and axial tensile
stress, draw the conclusion that in primary drying temperature of -20and secondary
drying temperature of 10 , the blood vessels of freeze-drying have the highest
dehydration ratios, the more favorable to the normal temperature preservation.
Later, blood vessels in, we set temperature in -70, -20, 10to freeze-drying
the blood vessels, through the micro CT scan images, maximum puncture stress, circle
and axial tensile stress analysis, we draw the conclusion that when the blood vessels
arised -20, continue freeze-drying till the blood vessels remain unchanged. We think
the primary drying end.
Finally, the blood vessels are freeze-drying and save in the certain conditions, they
are transplanted in rehydration. So the rehydration should be the best time to control to
the good quality of the blood vessels. Through each stage of rehydration’s scanning
graph to compare with the fresh blood vessel. We draw the conclusion that in the
rehydration initial stage, the blood vessels absorb the rate of water quickly. In 2-2.5h,
blood vessels have close to capacity, in 3.5 hours, then there is water separation of the
phenomenon.
Key Words: aorta of pig, freeze drying, pre-cooling rate, primary
drying, second drying, dehydration ratios, rehydration timing,
mechanical properties
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论 ...................................................................................................................1
§1.1 真空冷冻干燥技术概论 .....................................................................................1
§1.1.1 真空冷冻干燥的发展 ................................................................................. 1
§1.1.2 真空冷冻干燥的基本原理 ......................................................................... 1
§1.1.3 真空冷冻干燥的工艺 ................................................................................. 2
§1.1.4 真空冷冻干燥的应用 ................................................................................. 3
§1.2 血管冷冻干燥保存的意义及现状 .....................................................................4
§1.2.1 血管冻干保存的意义 ................................................................................. 4
§1.2.2 血管冻干保存的现状 ................................................................................. 5
§1.3 本课题的主要研究内容 .....................................................................................7
第二章 实验材料、设备及实验设计 .............................................................................8
§2.1 实验材料及处理 .................................................................................................8
§2.2 实验设备 .............................................................................................................8
§2.2.1 真空冷冻干燥机 ......................................................................................... 8
§2.2.2 CT 扫描仪 .............................................................................................. 9
§2.2.3 质构仪 ....................................................................................................... 11
§2.2.4 DMA ...........................................................................................................12
§2.3 实验设计 ...........................................................................................................13
§2.3.1 干燥温度和压力 ....................................................................................... 13
第三章 血管快冻与慢冻的实验研究 ...........................................................................15
§3.1 实验理论基础 ...................................................................................................15
§3.2 实验方法及结果 ...............................................................................................15
§3.2.1 不同预冻速率下,血管的微 CT 扫描图像及重构截面的比较 ............ 16
§3.2.2 灰度值及孔隙率的比较分析 .................................................................... 19
§3.2.3 失水率和复水率的比较分析 .................................................................... 20
§3.3 实验分析 ...........................................................................................................21
§3.4 本章小结 ...........................................................................................................22
第四章 不同一次、二次干燥温度对冻干血管的影响 ...............................................23
§4.1 理论基础 ............................................................................................................23
§4.2 实验方法及结果 ...............................................................................................23
§4.2.1 失水率的比较分析 .................................................................................... 24
§4.2.2 最大穿刺应力的比较分析 ........................................................................ 25
§4.2.3 最大周向、轴向拉伸应力的比较分析 .................................................... 28
§4.3 实验结果 ............................................................................................................29
§4.4 本章小结 ...........................................................................................................30
第五章 改变一次干燥的时间对冻干血管的影响 .......................................................31
§5.1 实验理论基础 ...................................................................................................31
§5.2 实验方法及结果 ...............................................................................................32
§5.2.1 从扫描图像和重构横截面图像上比较分析 ............................................ 32
§5.2.2 从最大穿刺应力上比较分析 .................................................................... 33
§5.2.3 从最大周向、轴向拉伸应力上比较分析 ................................................ 34
§5.3 实验分析 ...........................................................................................................35
§5.4 本章小结 ...........................................................................................................36
第六章 冻干后血管复水应控制的最佳时间 ...............................................................38
§6.1 实验理论基础 ...................................................................................................38
§6.2 实验方法及结果 ...............................................................................................38
§6.2.1 在重量上的比较 ....................................................................................... 38
§6.2.2 用微 CT 比较扫描结果 ............................................................................ 40
§6.3 实验分析 ...........................................................................................................42
§6.4 本章小结 ...........................................................................................................44
第七章 结论与展望 .......................................................................................................45
§7.1 本课题研究的主要结论 ...................................................................................45
§7.2 建议与展望 .......................................................................................................46
参考文献 .........................................................................................................................48
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .............................................52
.............................................................................................................................53
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
§1.1 真空冷冻干燥技术概论
§1.1.1 真空冷冻干燥的发展
冷冻干燥简称冻干,1921 年被前苏联科学家拉巴——斯塔罗仁茨基发明[1]
早期的冻干工艺主要运用于制药工业及生物脱水,直到二次大战后,由于生存及
生活问题,开始用于食品工业。此后,在世界上许多国家都建起了冻干厂。在 60
年代后期,我国由于战备及生存需要,在北京、上海、天津等地相继开展了冻干
实验。直至 70 年代,我国在上海、广东才建立了生产能力较大的冻干厂。由于能
源耗费巨大,产品昂贵,冻干设备复杂等原因,致使世界各地及我国的许多冻干
厂陷于困境,相继转产,甚至破产。在 80 年代中期,我国基本上已无一家冻干厂
从事实际的生产。
随着人民生活水平的提高,人们不仅追求食品的营养性,更追求食品天然性
和功能性,这是冻干食品工艺重又获得恢复和发展的重要原因。近年来,由于我
国的冻干工业不断的发展和壮大。目前国内已有不少冻干厂相继建立和投产,来
满足我们对食品、药品的需求。在物质文明发展迅猛的当今,相信冻干工业在我
国会有非常广阔的发展前景。
§1.1.2 真空冷冻干燥的基本原理
真空冷冻干燥是一种更科学的干燥方法,它与常规的干燥方法(如热空气干
制、炒干、烘干、熔干、红外及微波加热干燥)相比,冻干后的物料基本上保持
了原有物质的营养成分和结构[2]
冷冻干燥的基本原理是物质中的自由水和结合水在不同压力和温度下的相变
过程。如图 1-1 所示的水的三相图。
摘要:

摘要根据我国流行病学的调查,近半个世纪以来,不论在农村或城市,心脑血管疾病的发病率和死亡率都非常高。血管移植是临床治疗该疾病的一种有效疗法。因此,研究血管的保存就显得十分必要。目前的研究表明,用真空冷冻干燥技术保存活体组织是可行的实验方案。本课题将选用猪主动脉作为实验材料,找出相对更优的冻干及复水条件,完善相关冻干理论。真空冷冻干燥过程是一个非常复杂的传热传质过程,本课题以Micro-CT、质构仪、DMA为研究手段,对冻干过程中的血管扫描图像进行重构,对复水后的血管进行力学性能检测,从外观到性能分别展开讨论分析,确定猪主动脉冻干的较优工艺。首先,由于预冻阶段最关键的是对降温速率的控制,这在一定...

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作者:陈辉 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:56 页 大小:3.11MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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