主客观人眼波前像差测量的研究

VIP免费

3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 5 4 5.77MB 125 页 15积分

侵权投诉

摘要

人眼不是一个完善的屈光系统，其中存在着各种像差，并且这些像差是不规

则和动态的，这就为像差的测量带来了困难。随着准分子激光手术的发展和普及，

屈光手术已经广泛的应用到近视的治疗中，但患者术后的并发症也困扰着临床医

生。从人体视觉的形成过程不难发现，视觉不仅仅和人眼的屈光系统有关，而且

与主观的判断和神经系统的处理有密切关系。因此，主客观结合的人眼波前像差

测量系统符合人眼的视觉形成过程，具有非常重要的医疗应用价值和巨大的市场

前景。

目前人眼像差的矫正都是以客观测量结果为依据，没有考虑到人体主观对测

量结果的影响，这就导致了测量结果不能完全反应出人眼的视觉质量，而仅反映

出了人眼光学系统的成像质量。通过验光配镜的过程不难发现，只有主观测量与

客观测量相结合，才能得到最佳的视力矫正数据，从而提高视觉质量。本文主要

从主客观相结合的人眼像差测量出发，开展的主要工作和获得的结果如下：

从波前像差的基本概念出发，研究了波前像差的基本理论，推导了使用 Zernike

进行波前像差展开的基本方法，并详细的对 Zernike 多项式的含义进行了分析。重

点讨论了 Zernike 多项式与 Seidel 像差的关系，阐述了 Zernike 多项式和 Seidel 像

差都是波前像差的展开形式，Seidel 像差是波前像差用 Taylor 级数展开的初级像

差，并推导了 Zernike 系数与 Seidel 系数之间的关系。对 Hartmann-Shack 传感器测

量人眼像差的原理进行了详细分析，推导了 Hartmann-Shack 传感器可测量范围的

公式和波前重构的基本公式。

设计并实现了主客观结合的人眼波前像差测量系统，设计了一套完整的基于

Hartmann-Shack 传感器的人眼像差测量系统，首次实现了主观测量和客观测量在

同一光路中的结合，完成了包括测量系统的光路、控制系统和数据采集系统的设

计方案，完成了测量系统的光学元件、机械装置和控制电路的选型和搭建。通过

实验对系统进行了全面测试，证实了测量系统能够完成主客观结合人眼像差测量

的要求。

提出了信息融合的人眼波前像差测量方法，通过信息融合技术把像差的主观

测量和客观测量的结果进行结合，给出矫正时所需的唯一数据，解决了主观测量

数据和客观测量数据有差别的问题。并且进行了信息融合的人眼像差测量的理论

分析，通过实验对主客观测量结果进行了信息融合，得到了信息融合后的人眼波

前像差。这对于人眼视觉的研究有重要意义，对于今后人眼像差的矫正提供了一

种新的方法。

设计并实现了可调的预补偿装置。人眼像差测量中，照明对于最后的实验结

果有重要的影响，提出了一种可调的照明预补偿方法，通过平移台的精确定位实

现人眼像差测量的照明。对可调照明的方法进行了理论分析，通过实验证实了设

计的正确性和可调照明的有效性。

关键词：波前像差主观测量客观测量信息融合

III

ABSTRACT

Human eye is not a consummate refractive system, it contains various aberrations,

and these aberrations are irregular and dynamic, which makes it difficult to measure the

aberrations. With the development of refractive surgery, such surgery has been widely

applied in the myopia curing, but the syndrome of such surgery also puzzles the

clinicians. It’s easy to find that vision is not only related to human eye refractive system,

but also nearly related to psychology judgment and neural process. Thus, combined

subjective and objective measurement system of human eye wavefront aberration

accord with vision formation process of human eye, and have very important medical

value and broad market foreground.

Currently, remedy of human eye aberrations are based on objective measurement

result, and didn’t consider too much about the psychological influence, which made that

the measurement result cannot fully reflect the vision quality but only the image quality

of such optical system. Through optometry process, it’s easy to find that only through

combining both subjective measurement and objective measurement can get the best

vision remedy data, and therefore improve vision quality. This paper focuses on

combining objective measurement and subjective measurement and developed the main

works and got the conclusion as follows:

First, have studied wavefront aberration basic principles, derivative the basic

equations of wavefront aberration expression by using Zernike polynomials, and

detailed the analyses of meaning of Zernike polynomials. Mainly talked about the

relationship between Zernike polynomials and Seidel polynomials, and concluded that

both Zernike polynomials and Seidel polynomials are wavefront aberration expressions,

and Seidel aberrations are basic aberrations expressed by Taylor Series. Particularly

analysis the principle of Hartmann-Shack human eye aberration measurement method,

and derivative the sensor range formula and wavefront reconstruction formulas.

Then, designed and realized the combined objective and subjective measurement

system of human eye wavefront aberration measurement, designed a complete set of

human eye aberration measurement system based on Hartmann-Shack sensor; and

realized combination of objective and subjective measurement in single beam path,

finished such measurement beam path, the control system and data collection method,

finished the optical elements, mechanical set and control circuit’s choosing and setting

up. The experiment fully tested such system, and proves that such measurement system

and fulfills the request of combining both subjective method and objective method.

In addition, raised the information fuse method of human eye aberration

measurement, and combined subjective measurement result and objective measurement

result through information fusing technique, and gives a unique data that is needed for

remedy, and solved the problem that subjective results have difference with objective

results. And have theory analysis of information fusion for human eye aberration

measurement, and had information fusion of subjective and objective measurement

result through experiment, and got the human eye wavefront aberration after

information fusion. This is important to study of ocular vision, and raises a new method

to remedy of human eye aberration in the future.

Designed and realized a precompensation system. During the human eye aberration

measurement, illumination has core influence of the final result. This paper raises an

adjustable illumination precompensation method, and through fine orientation of

motorized stage to realize the illumination of human eye aberration measurement. After

principle analysis of adjustable illumination, an experiment is done to prove that the

correctness and validity of such design.

Key Word: Wavefront aberration, Subjective measurement, Objective

measurement, Information fusion

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论.....................................................................................................................1

§1.1 人眼像差测量技术的发展..............................................................................1

§1.2 人眼像差测量的研究背景...............................................................................2

§1.2.1 主观测量法...........................................................................................3

§1.2.2 客观测量法............................................................................................3

§1.2.3 主观测量法和客观测量法的特点.......................................................5

§1.3 人眼视力矫正的研究背景..............................................................................5

§1.4 人眼视觉研究和分析的方法..........................................................................7

§1.4.1 利用模型眼进行像差分析....................................................................7

§1.4.2 自适应光学...........................................................................................8

§1.5 研究意义、目的和论文安排..........................................................................9

§1.6 论文的创新点................................................................................................11

第二章人眼波前像差测量原理...................................................................................12

§2.1 人眼的结构和屈光系统.................................................................................12

§2.2 波前像差的基本理论.....................................................................................13

§2.3 波前像差的展开............................................................................................15

§2.3.1 Zernike 多项式展开及其含义 ............................................................ 16

§2.3.2 Taylor 级数展开 .................................................................................. 22

§2.4 Zernike 多项式与 Seidel 像差 ....................................................................... 23

§2.4.1 Seidel 像差 ...........................................................................................23

§2.4.2 Zernike 系数与 Seidel 系数的关系 .................................................... 23

§2.4.3 Zernike 项含义的说明 ........................................................................ 24

§2.5 人眼视觉成像质量的评价方法....................................................................26

§2.6 Hartmann-Shack 原理 .................................................................................... 28

§2.7 本章小结........................................................................................................31

第三章主客观结合人眼像差测量系统的建立...........................................................32

§3.1 主客观结合人眼像差测量系统的基本结构................................................32

§3.2 光路设计........................................................................................................34

§3.2.1 照明光路设计.....................................................................................34

§3.2.1.1 光源..........................................................................................34

§3.2.1.2 光强度限制..............................................................................35

§3.2.1.3 照明光路的基本结构..............................................................37

§3.2.1.4 可调照明光路设计...................................................................37

§3.2.2 测量光路设计.....................................................................................39

§3.2.2.1 客观测量光路的设计..............................................................39

§3.2.2.2 主观测量光路的设计..............................................................48

§3.3 控制系统的设计............................................................................................54

§3.3.1 控制系统总体设计.............................................................................54

§3.3.2 补偿系统平移台控制硬件设计..........................................................55

§3.3.3 补偿系统的软件设计.........................................................................62

§3.4 本章小结........................................................................................................64

第四章信息融合的人眼像差测量原理.......................................................................65

§4.1 信息融合技术概述........................................................................................65

§4.2 客观测量和主观测量信息融合的必要性....................................................67

§4.2.1 瞳孔处评价与视网膜上评价.............................................................67

§4.2.2 客观测量和主观测量的差别.............................................................69

§4.3 主客观信息融合的像差测量方法................................................................70

§4.3.1 离焦补偿与 Zernike 多项式的关系.................................................. 70

§4.3.2 主客观结合测量人眼像差的基本方法.............................................71

§4.3.3 主客观测量结果的信息融合.............................................................74

§4.3.4 权重因子的讨论.................................................................................75

§4.4 本章小结........................................................................................................76

第五章主客观结合人眼像差测量系统的测试和实验...............................................78

§5.1 测量中参考图像的选取.................................................................................78

§5.2 模拟眼的像差测量.........................................................................................80

§5.2.1 模拟眼的离焦测量.............................................................................80

§5.2.2 入射光束直径对测量结果的影响......................................................84

§5.2.3 平移台离焦补偿测试.........................................................................86

§5.2.4 模拟眼高阶像差的补偿.....................................................................87

§5.3 活体人眼像差的初步测量............................................................................89

§5.4 可调照明系统的测试....................................................................................91

§5.5 实验中存在的问题与实验系统的改进........................................................94

§5.6 活体人眼像差的全面测量............................................................................98

文档加载中……请稍候！
如果长时间未打开，您也可以点击刷新试试。

下载文档到电脑，查找使用更方便

15 积分 4人已下载

立即下载 VIP免费下载

摘要：

I摘要人眼不是一个完善的屈光系统，其中存在着各种像差，并且这些像差是不规则和动态的，这就为像差的测量带来了困难。随着准分子激光手术的发展和普及，屈光手术已经广泛的应用到近视的治疗中，但患者术后的并发症也困扰着临床医生。从人体视觉的形成过程不难发现，视觉不仅仅和人眼的屈光系统有关，而且与主观的判断和神经系统的处理有密切关系。因此，主客观结合的人眼波前像差测量系统符合人眼的视觉形成过程，具有非常重要的医疗应用价值和巨大的市场前景。目前人眼像差的矫正都是以客观测量结果为依据，没有考虑到人体主观对测量结果的影响，这就导致了测量结果不能完全反应出人眼的视觉质量，而仅反映出了人眼光学系统的成像质量。通过验...

展开>> 收起<<

主客观人眼波前像差测量的研究.pdf

共125页,预览10页

还剩页未读，继续阅读

主客观人眼波前像差测量的研究

相关推荐

开通VIP享超值会员特权

作者详情

相关内容

推荐作者

热门标签

举报选择: