英语流行语以及“汗语”的密母学解析

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ABSTRACT

The present society is full of changes, with the enhanced development in science and

technology and globalization. All, together with the reform in social, political and economical

sectors are presenting challenges to the purity of languages. The changes in these sectors are

demonstrated in linguistic aspects which can be termed as catchwords. Catchwords are one

phenomenon, not reflecting the lexical field only, but the social fields and linguistic side in a

well-rounded way.

Research into catchwords has been ignored for a long time, as most of scholars think

catchwords are temporary, belong to certain groups and exert no influence upon the development of

human language. What’s more, the features of catchwords themselves contribute to the indifference

of scholars, like the volatility and instability. However, the development of catchwords and the more

rights of the mass people have increased the importance of catchwords. The society is witnessing

catchwords appearing and disappearing day in and day out. The study of catchwords is urgent and

rewarding. Catchwords are demonstrating societies and cultures, boasting essential social and

cultural values. Its study can show us the world outlook of the mass people and help scholars with

the edition of dictionaries and help the flat and digital media with the circulation of information.

This thesis starts with the features of catchwords, such as the wording, the social and cultural

parts and the semantic uncertainty. The above features are followed by the memetic analysis. The

thesis elaborates the catchwords’ features with the memetic replication, transmission and expression

aspects. The thesis finally draws the conclusion: Catchwords are justified to be existing and some of

them are distilling through the passage of time and become common words, promoting the richness

of human glossary.

Keywords: Sweating Chinese, Memes, Exaggeration, Catchwords,

Replicators

iii

摘要

现代社会充满变化，科学技术的发展，全球化的加速发展，社会政治经济的

改革等等都会体现在语言当中，这种发展对语言的纯正性提出了挑战，尤其是流

行语。流行语是一种词汇现象。但是它的出现并不仅仅停留在词汇方面。语言是

社会各个层面的写照。语言的发展与社会的发展紧密相连，密不可分。流行语长

期以来没有受到语言研究界的应有关注，是因为语言学界对其出现没有给予足够

的重视，认为流行语只是短暂的一种语言发展行为，不会给语言的发展或纯正性

带来一定的影响，同时流行语自身的一些特点也造成了语言学界对其采取的不闻

不问的漠视态度，诸如流行语的不稳定性，短暂性等等。

语言学界对流行语的出现刚一开始采取的是抵触情绪，但随着流行语的逐渐

发展，以及其强大使用群体的推动，语言学界开始对流行语转变态度，以一种谨

慎，开放的研究态度去处理流行语。随后而来的比较宽松的语言规范政策，使得

流行语的创造和发展获得一个比较宽松的环境，流行语开始大量涌现。由此可见，

对流行语作一个综合的研究，势在必行。流行语与社会和文化有密切的关系，所

以社会性和文化性是流行语的重要属性，流行语的文化含量和文化价值，要比一

般词汇丰富和高得多。通过对流行语这种属性的研究，可以从一个侧面揭示社会、

文化以及社会价值取向的某些变化和发展。因此，本人开始关注流行语的发展动

向，企图从流行语与社会文化，语言发展的关系方面入手，以模因论为研究手段，

来对流行语进行剖析，期能对语言工作，语言政策的开展做出一定的贡献。

本文从流行语的语言特点出发,列举了流行语的构词法特征,社会特征,文化

特征,以及流行语语义的不确定性,并从密母的复制,流转,表达等方面对上述特征

进行阐述.通过分析,本文认为:流行语的存在有其合理性,经过时间与社会沉淀的

流行语转变成普通词汇,扩展了人类语言的丰富性。

关键词：汗语密母夸张流行语复制机器

CONTENTS

学位论文版权使用授权书 ............................................................................................... i

声明 .............................................................................................................................. ii

Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... i

ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................ii

摘要 ............................................................................................................................... iii

Chapter One Introduction ............................................................................................. 1

§1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................1

§1.2 The General Purpose and Research Methodology of This Study ......................... 1

§1.3 The Organization of the Thesis ............................................................................. 1

Chapter Two The Physical Feature of Catchwords and Memetic Replication .........3

§2.1 Catchwords ............................................................................................................3

§2.2 Replicators .............................................................................................................6

§2.2.1 The Physical Characteristics of Catchwords .................................................. 8

§2.2.2 Meme Replication .........................................................................................10

§2.2.3 The Sematic Uncertainty of Catchwords ......................................................12

§2.2.4.Meme Demonstration ................................................................................... 13

Chapter Three The Social and Cultural features of catchwords and the

transmission of memes ..................................................................................................16

§3.1 Memes are Outputs of Social Situations ............................................................. 16

§3.1.1 Social Features of Memes .............................................................................16

§3.1.2．Media for Meme Transmission ..................................................................18

§3.1.3．Criteria for Meme Selection ...................................................................... 23

§3.1.4. Meme Life Cycle ......................................................................................... 24

§3.2 The Cultural Features of Catchwords and Memes' Variability and Stability ......30

§3.2.1 Cultural Features ...........................................................................................30

§3.2.2 Memetic Evolution ....................................................................................... 34

Chapter Four The Mass Attitude toward Memes and Meme Volatility ..................37

§4.1 Certain Groups are Keen on Catchword Meme .................................................. 37

§4.2 Memetic Volatility .............................................................................................. 39

Chapter Five Conclusion ..............................................................................................41

§5.1 Major Findings of the Study ................................................................................41

§5.2 Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................... 43

§5.3 Suggestions for Future Research .........................................................................44

Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 46

在校期间公开发表的论文 ............................................................................................ 48

Chapter One Introduction

§1.1 Background of the Study

With the argument about the entry issue of “super girls” into The Grand Dictionary of Chinese

Language, catchwords have been catching the attention of the mass people and scholars. Catchword

study has been connected with linguistic theory. The former studies intend to explain catchwords

through linguistic sides, like lexical, semantic, syntactic sides, etc. However, catchwords are closely

related with information transmission. Catchwords not only reflect the general features of language,

but demonstrate human beings’ information communication. This thesis intends to provide a

memetic analysis of catchwords, bringing people to the innermost parts of catchwords, i.e., cultural

genes. Human beings pass on with genes, while human ideas pass on with memes. It is memes that

help human beings transmit information, acquire knowledge and develop language.

§1.2 The General Purpose and Research Methodology of This Study

The purpose of this thesis is to find a new way to explain language development,

the replication, transmission, expression of catchwords and culture transmission. As

catchwords are at the early stage of human glossary, the memetic research into them can

provide us with a brand-new perspective. Memetics takes culture units as memes which

are regarded as replicators, spreading among human beings and strengthening the

conformity of concerned groups. Catchword memes are going through their life cycles

and some of them can be passed on and distilled into human glossary.

With the intention of providing a new way of language development and information

transmission, the author is employing memetic theory to explain the phenomenon of catchwords.

Memetic theory has provided perspective into human cultural life. The replication of memes has

explained physical features of catchwords, while other features, like social, cultural features are

elaborated with memetic transmission, demonstration, etc.

§1.3 The Organization of the Thesis

The thesis consists of the following five Chapters.

Chapter 1 is the introduction. In this Chapter, the background and purpose of the

A Memetic Analysis of “Sweating Chinese” and English Catchwords

present study will be presented by the author; and the methodology will be stated.

Meanwhile, the general frame of the thesis is also introduced to prepare for the body of

the thesis.

Chapter 2 is presenting the physical features of catchwords and the memetic

analysis. In this chapter, the author presents many catchword examples in various fields,

and gives the definition of catchwords to give a general understanding of catchwords.

The author then states the physical features of catchwords and uses the memetic

replication to explain these features.

Chapter 3 is an introduction to social and cultural features of catchwords. In this

chapter, the social and cultural features of catchwords are elaborated in the following

memetic aspects: meme transmission media, meme selection criteria and memetic

variability and stability.

Chapter 4 is the mass attitude towards catchwords. The volatility of memes and

pop cultural memes are utilized in this chapter to explain the mass attitude.

Chapter 5 is the conclusion. In this chapter, the thesis is concluded with an analysis

of certain catchwords, presenting the conclusion of language development and the

justification of catchwords.

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摘要：

iiABSTRACTThepresentsocietyisfullofchanges,withtheenhanceddevelopmentinscienceandtechnologyandglobalization.All,togetherwiththereforminsocial,politicalandeconomicalsectorsarepresentingchallengestothepurityoflanguages.Thechangesinthesesectorsaredemonstratedinlinguisticaspectswhichcanbetermedascatchwo...

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