萧伯纳戏剧中女性对男权社会的反抗

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ABSTRACT

G. B. Shaw creates more than fifty plays in his life time. He won the Nobel Prize

in literature in 1925; his works have the influence over generations. G. B. Shaw himself

is a supporter of feminist movement. He respects women, sticks to the principle that

men and women are equal, and he supports the economic independence of women and

supposes that women should play great roles in the activity of the society. His feminist

view is revealed in the heroines of his plays.

This thesis will take three representative plays of G. B. Shaw from the different

period of his creation, analyzing the characters of the three heroines Vivie Warren, Eliza

Doolittle and Joan of Arc from Mrs. Warren’s Profession,Pygmalion and Saint Joan

respectively, comparing their similarities and inadequacies. Vivie is a girl who has her

own life style. She knows the real job of his mother by chance, and decides to leave

home. She finds a job and gets economic independent. She is a new woman with

intelligence, calmness; she has her own independent mind. But her mother is a woman

who can do everything if there is profit; she is the typical parent who is assimilated by

the male-centered society. Eliza Doolittle transforms from a flower girl to an

independent lady with the help of Higgins. When she improves her speech of English,

she also improves her inner mind. She disengages the fetter of the domination of

Higgins, finding her independent life and pursuing her love bravely. Joan of Arc is a

brave “Superwoman”, with her intelligence and courage, she proves that women can do

all the things that men can, and even exceed them with practical action. We can find the

modern female’s excellent qualities in them: independence, courage, goodness and

bravery in the rebellion against the man-centered society. Although the society was

dominated by the masculine at that time, and their actions were oppressed by them, it

really strode a large step. The female images depicted by G. B. Shaw, giving a powerful

impact on people’s inherent concept, enlightening and supporting the development of

the feminist movement, which have great significance on the culture and society.

Key Words: New Woman, Rebellion, Male-centered Society

摘要

萧伯纳是继莎士比亚之后英国最著名的戏剧家，他一生创作了五十余部戏剧，

1925 年获得诺贝尔文学奖，其作品对后世产生了深远的影响。萧伯纳本人是个女

权主义的倡导者，他十分尊重妇女，坚持男女平等，支持妇女经济独立，提倡妇

女投入到社会生活中，他的女权主义思想也体现在其创作的剧本中的女主人公身

上。

本文拟从萧伯纳创作的不同时期具有代表性的作品入手，分析华伦夫人的职

业、皮革马力翁以及圣女贞德中的女主人公薇薇、伊莉莎以及贞德的性格特征，

比较她们的相似之处及其存在的不足。薇薇是一个具有自己独特生活风格的女孩，

由于偶然的机会，她得知自己的母亲的真实职业时，毅然离家出走。依靠自己的

能力找到工作，在社会上立足。她是一个聪明、冷静、思想独立的新女性，而她

的母亲华伦夫人则是一个为了钱什么都可以做的女人，是一个被男权思想完全同

化的家长的典型代表。伊莉莎则由一个街头卖花女经过自己刻苦努力和不懈争取，

提高了自身素质的同时，也提高了自己的思想境界。她不想被男性所束缚，寻找

自己独立的生活和平等的爱。贞德则是一个勇敢善良的“女超人”，用自己的智慧和

胆识，用自己的实际行动证明了女性同样可以在战争中取得胜利，并且其杰出的

才华和非凡的能力超越了男性权力的束缚。我们可以发现他们身上都具有现代女

性的优秀品质，自强自立、勇敢善良、勇于反抗以男性为中心的社会的控制。虽

然在那个被男权统治的社会中，他们的行动仍然受到男权的压制，但是这已经是

踏出了很大的一步。萧伯纳塑造的这些女性形象，有力的冲击了人们固有的思想，

启蒙并支援了女权运动的发展，具有丰厚的文化意义和深刻的社会意义。

关键词：新女性反抗男权社会

Contents

Acknowledgements

ABSTRACT

Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Literature Review .................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................... 7

Chapter 2 New Woman—Vivie Warren ...........................................................................9

2.1 Economic Independence ....................................................................................... 10

2.2 Ideal Marriage ....................................................................................................... 12

2.3 Life Style ............................................................................................................... 14

Chapter 3 Successful Transformation—Eliza Doolittle ................................................. 18

3.1 A General Review of Pygmalion .......................................................................... 18

3.2 Characteristics of Eliza Doolittle .......................................................................... 19

3.2.1 Self-Improvement ...........................................................................................20

3.2.2 Dignity ............................................................................................................21

3.2.3 Independence ..................................................................................................23

Chapter 4 National Heroine—Saint Joan ........................................................................26

4.1 The legend of Saint Joan in History ...................................................................... 26

4.2 Characteristics of the National Heroine ................................................................ 27

4.2.1 Challenge to the Male Powered Society ........................................................ 27

4.2.2 Braveness in Her Female Identity .................................................................. 29

4.2.3 Selflessness in Action .....................................................................................30

Chapter 5 Similarities and Inadequacies of his Female Characters ................................ 32

5.1 Feminist Awakening ............................................................................................. 33

5.2. Inadequacies of the Three Female Characters ......................................................35

5.2.1 Limited Struggles ........................................................................................... 35

5.2.2 Females’ Lack of their Own Features ............................................................ 37

Chapter 6 Conclusion ......................................................................................................40

Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 42

在读期间公开发表的论文 .............................................................................................45

Chapter One Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction

G. B. Shaw was one of the most influential playwrights in the history of European

and World literature. He was a distinguished Irish playwright, who won the Nobel Prize

in 1925, and he was regarded as the most famous playwright after William Shakespeare

in English literature, his drama had been generally acknowledged as the mainstream in

the 20th century English theater. Gassner believed that “he was one of the creators of

modern consciousness and modern conscience”. (Gassner, 291) Engels mentioned G. B.

Shaw as “the paradoxical belletrist” who was “very talented and witty”. (Yang，486)

Allardyce Nicoll argued that Shaw was “a great genius, with an essentially dramatic

talent, came to the stage and seized from each of the various forces of his time those

elements which were of greatest value and significance”.(Nicoll, 93) G. B. Shaw was a

productive writer, who wrote fifty-one well-known plays, five completed novels, a

number of short stories, lengthy treatises on politics and economics, four volumes of

theatre criticism, three volumes of music criticism, and a volume of art criticism. He

devoted all his life to drama creation and held in high esteem in the world critics, and he

was admired by their contemporaries and later generations. A lot of biographies of G. B.

Shaw and criticisms upon his works have been researched.

G. B. Shaw was born into a Protestant lower middle class in Dublin in 1856. He

was the only son and third child of George Carr Shaw and Elizabeth Gurly Shaw

(Bessie). George Carr Shaw was a heavy-drinking, continually failing merchant who

was not responsible for the family. When Shaw was young, his drunken father tried to

throw his son into a canal. The sudden terrible recognition of his father’s fallibility was

aggravated by Bessie Shaw’s response: contempt of her husband and a refusal to

comfort her young son. Bessie Shaw gave her humiliations, for she defied the Shaw

family’s creed by singing in Roman Catholic musicians in her home. Although there

was always money for alcohol, George Carr Shaw had no money to support his son's

university education and G. B. Shaw never forgave his father for sending him to work at

age fifteen. And when George Carr Shaw died in 1885, his children and his wife did not

attend his funeral. At the age of twenty, G. B. Shaw went to London and reunited with

his mother. In London, he witnessed his mother rebelled against their gender-defined

roles and were crucial in G. B. Shaw’s sympathy with the plight of the independent

woman. It was his mother’s assertion of female power and defiance of assigned female

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摘要：

ABSTRACTG.B.Shawcreatesmorethanfiftyplaysinhislifetime.HewontheNobelPrizeinliteraturein1925;hisworkshavetheinfluenceovergenerations.G.B.Shawhimselfisasupporteroffeministmovement.Herespectswomen,stickstotheprinciplethatmenandwomenareequal,andhesupportstheeconomicindependenceofwomenandsupposesthatwome...

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