应急系统选址的多目标决策

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 6 4 1.2MB 49 页 15积分
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摘 要
随着人们生活节奏的加快,科学技术水平的发展,国内外市场竞争的日趋激
烈,各种自然的或人为的重大突发事件时有发生,在这些实际背景的驱动下,对
灾害应急系统的全面研究已十分紧迫。在应急系统的管理中,应急服务设施的选址
问题非常重要,因为应急系统服务设施一经选定就将长时间运营,这不仅与运行
费用直接相关,而且对工作效率及控制水平也将会产生极大的影响。为了提高工
作效率,降低系统运行的费用,应急管理系统的建设中要充分考虑应急服务设施
的合理布局。所以,正确有效地确定应急服务设施的地理位置对应急系统的管理
至关重要。
大多数应急系统优化选址模型指标单一、不能充分反映现实问题的复杂性,
在现有的应急服务设施选址问题中,一般是在应急救援规定的距离或时间的限制
范围内去覆盖尽可能多的应急地点,然而因为应急点人口密度和周围的环境不同,
其对规定的时间满意程度也不同。本文较全面的分析了影响应急系统选址问题的
因素,健全评价指标体系。改进多目标规划模型是基于层次分析的有效评价方法,
结合决策者的偏好计算综合权重,用多目标规划的方法找出理想的选址方案。改
进逼近理想解排序模型结合客观性和公正性的要求,根据所收集的数据客观计算
出各个指标的权重,用改进的逼近理想解排序法比较分析候选应急服务设施点的
各个指标,最终得出各个方案优劣程度的排序。分析比较两个模型的特点,并指
出改进方向,决策者可以根据具体情况和决策偏好选择模型。两个模型都以同一
个城市消防站选址为例,用多目标规划的方法和改进的逼近理想解排序法分别进
行统计分析,并在一定程度上进行比较,分析其应用的条件和应用范围,同时也
证实了两个模型的适用性和有效性。
本文研究的主要内容通过绪论、应急管理和多目标决策的相关理论、评价方
法介绍、基于多目标规划方法的应急系统优化模型及指标体系的建立、用改进的
逼近理想解排序法分析应急系统优化选址问题以及总结和展望六个部分展开阐
述。
关键词:应急系统 选址 多目标规划法 层次分析法 逼近理想解排序
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of people’s life rhythm as well as the development
of society, the competition has been more and more drastic, catastrophes, man-
made or natural, occur at times. Driven by these backgrounds, the studies of e
mergency for the catastrophes become very urgent, among which is how to cho
ose of the spots for emergency services. Because emergency services require ru
nning for a long time, so it will not only have something with the fee, but con
trolling standard and working efficiency as well. Before the service being establi
shed, consideration for a good layout for the emergency devices is significant.
So the reasonable and right location for the emergency devices should be by all
means put into the first place.
Popular models for choosing the spot have shortcomings such as the lack
of index, which cannot tell the complexity of the reality. The existing spot ch
oosing problem always try to place more emergency spots in the condition of t
he distance and time. However, the difference of the people’s density as well as
the environment, the standard of satisfactory is coming along with discrepancy.
The dissertation analyses the factors and the index of emergent spot choosing
problem. First, by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) mothed combin
ed with the deciders’ preference, we applied the multi-objective programing to
obtain the solution. Next, according to the justice requirement, the weight of in
dex could be calculated by the collected statistics, then, we apply the modified
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS) method
to analyze the index, finally could obtain the solution as well. By comparing t
wo methods above, we pointed out the direction for modification, so that the d
ecider could choose the model according to his own preference and the accurate
environment. The two models, which take an urban fire protection station for
example, use Multi Objective Programming (MOP)mothed and modified TOPSIS
to compare and analyze multiple solutions respectively.And the suitability and
effectiveness are demonstrated at the same time.
The whole essay include six sections which are the exordium, the theory
of the emergency management and the multi-objective decision, evaluation met
hods, optimal location model of emergency system based on improved goal pro
gramming method and the establishing of index system, the location of emergen
cy system based on the modified TOPSIS method and the summary and the ex
pectation. It is hoped that the work of this paper can provide the basis for the
location of emergency system.
Key word:emergency system, location, multi-objective programming, AHP,
TOPSIS
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
.............................................................. 1
第一章 绪 论 ....................................................... 1
§1.1 选题背景 ................................................... 1
§1.2 研究意义 ................................................... 2
§1.3 国内外研究现状 ............................................. 3
§1.4 研究内容与方法 ............................................. 7
§1.5 本课题研究的总体思路 ....................................... 8
第二章 应急系统管理和多目标决策 ................................... 10
§2.1 突发应急事件的概念和特征 .................................. 10
§2.2 应急管理 .................................................. 11
§2.3 多目标决策分析的相关理论 .................................. 12
第三章 评价方法介绍 ............................................... 17
§3.1 德尔菲法 .................................................. 17
§3.2 层次分析法 ................................................ 18
§3.3 多目标规划 ................................................ 21
§3.4 整数规划 .................................................. 23
§3.5 逼近理想解排序法 .......................................... 23
第四章 基于改进目标规划方法的应急系统选址模型 ..................... 27
§4.1 选址指标体系 .............................................. 27
§4.2 多目标规划模型 ............................................ 28
§4.3 实证分析 .................................................. 32
§4.4 本章小结 .................................................. 35
第五章 用改进 TOPSIS 法分析应急系统选址问题 ........................ 36
§5.1 改进的逼近理想解排序法及其算法 ........................... 36
§5.2 实证分析 .................................................. 38
§5.3 本章小结 .................................................. 39
第六章 结论与展望 ................................................ 40
§6.1 研究工作总结 .............................................. 40
§6.2 研究展望 .................................................. 40
参考文献 .......................................................... 42
在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 .................... 45
............................................................. 46
摘要:

摘要随着人们生活节奏的加快,科学技术水平的发展,国内外市场竞争的日趋激烈,各种自然的或人为的重大突发事件时有发生,在这些实际背景的驱动下,对灾害应急系统的全面研究已十分紧迫。在应急系统的管理中,应急服务设施的选址问题非常重要,因为应急系统服务设施一经选定就将长时间运营,这不仅与运行费用直接相关,而且对工作效率及控制水平也将会产生极大的影响。为了提高工作效率,降低系统运行的费用,应急管理系统的建设中要充分考虑应急服务设施的合理布局。所以,正确有效地确定应急服务设施的地理位置对应急系统的管理至关重要。大多数应急系统优化选址模型指标单一、不能充分反映现实问题的复杂性,在现有的应急服务设施选址问题中,...

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作者:陈辉 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:49 页 大小:1.2MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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