用量子理论方法对煤中矿物质观特性的研究

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3.0 陈辉 2024-11-19 10 4 6.07MB 50 页 15积分
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摘 要
随着我国经济的快速发展,能源与环境正日益成为限制我国经济发展的主要
凭颈。鉴于我国能源资源富煤缺油少气的特点,将煤炭在大型电站上广泛使用,
才有利于集中处理,做到高效、洁净利用。由于我国煤灰含量高,灰熔点普遍偏
高,有害于着火不良,燃烧稳定性较差,锅炉受热面的结渣和沾污等问题。目前
国内外对煤灰特性研究尤其是对粘温特性的研究一直没有取得重大的突破,
首先本文对煤灰的烧结实验分别研究了两种煤灰和煤焦 AB在不同气氛下
对煤灰的烧结特性的影响。在 Na2OK2O含量相同的情况下,煤灰 A比煤灰 B
有较多的 Fe2O3含量。还原性气氛下煤灰 A的烧结温度和体积收缩率都小于煤灰
B,分别应用量子化学对 FeO 的产物铁橄榄石进行了结构计算,很好的解释了还
原性气氛下煤灰 ATinTmax 均小于煤灰 B
再次本文创新利用量子理论和计算机技术相结合的手段,从分子水平角度对
灰中矿物质微观属性进行研究以达到揭示煤灰粘温特性的目的。因此采用密度泛
函理论首先着重对灰原始灰分中主要矿物质黄铁矿、铁橄榄石微观特性进行研
究,将其结果与高熔点矿物质莫来石、钠长石和高岭石比较,发现黄铁矿和铁橄
榄石的轨道能量差较小,其中 Fe 元素比较活跃;结构不稳定,易发生相变。是
形成结渣的主要原因。并与 XRD 衍射图谱分析和 SEM 得到的结果一致,很好的
解释了煤灰 ATinTmax 均小于煤灰 B的原因。
关键词:量子化学计算 密度泛函理论 矿物质 煤灰特性
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of our national economy, the energy and environment
are increasingly become the limitation of our national economy development.
Considering our characteristics of energy structure with rich coal, short of petroleum
and natural gas, the coal has been widely applied in power station which in favor of
centralized processing and operation with high efficiency and clean utilization. Hoverer,
China coal with higher ash content and melting point has bring a series of problem, such
as poor ignition, poor combustion stability, slagging and viscosity of boiler heating
surface. Presently, the ash characteristic study, especially ash melting mechanism, has
been without achieved great breakthrough.
This article on the ash chemical composition, mineral composition and the
atmosphere and other factors on melting characteristics and sintering characteristics of
coal ash are researching. Two typical Chinese bituminous coals A and B with different
iron oxide contents in ash were selected to use in this work. A reducing atmosphere, the
sintering temperature of ash and size of shrinkage rate is less than coal ash B, the main
reason is that sintering temperature decreases as well as Na2O, K2O, Fe2O3content incre
-ased, Na2O, K2O content have the same circumstances, the ash A have more Fe2O3cont
-ent than Ash B in the reducing atmosphere, Fe2O3is reduced to FeO, FeO and fayalite
is Respectively cal -culated by applying quantum chemistry.
Again, this innovative use of quantum theory and computer technology, a
combination of means, from the perspective of molecular level ash properties of the
micro minerals to achieve the viscosity-temperature characteristics reveal the purpose of
coal ash. Therefore, the first density functional theory focuses on the major minerals in
the ash gray original pyrite, iron olives are microscopic characteristics were studied, and
the results with the high melting point mineral mullite, albite and kaolinite, it was found
yellow Iron ore and iron small energy difference between the track of olivine, Fe
elements which are active; structure is unstable, prone to phase transitions. This is the
main reason for the formation of slag. And with the XRD diffraction analysis and SEM
results obtained by the same well explained in the ash A, Tin, Tmax is less than the
causes ash B.
Key WordsQuantum chemical calculations, density function
theorymineralcoal-ash characteristic
目 录
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
第一章 绪 论............................................................................................................1
§1.1 课题研究背景及意义.................................................................................1
§1.2 煤燃烧与气化中灰行为的概述.................................................................2
§1.3 国内外煤灰特性研究现状与分析.............................................................2
§1.4 本课题的主要研究内容.............................................................................4
§1.5 量子化学理论在煤灰粘温特性研究上的进展及意义.............................6
§1.6 本章小结.....................................................................................................7
第二章 模拟计算知识..............................................................................................8
§2.1 引言.............................................................................................................8
§2.2 Hohenberg-kohn 定理...............................................................................8
§2.3 局域密度近似(LDA)和广义密度近似(GGA)...........................................10
§2.4 能态密度...................................................................................................12
§2.5 分子轨道...................................................................................................13
§2.6 电荷分析...................................................................................................14
§2.7 计算软件...................................................................................................15
§2.7.1 Material studio 系列软件...........................................................15
§2.7.2 其他软件介绍...................................................................................17
§2.8 计算软件...................................................................................................18
第三章 燃烧与气化条件下煤灰的烧结特性研究................................................19
§3.1 引言...........................................................................................................19
§3.2 煤灰烧结特性实验工况和测试方法.......................................................19
§3.3 实验结果与分析.......................................................................................20
§3.3.1 气氛对煤灰烧结特性的影响...........................................................20
§3.3.2 气氛对煤灰熔融特性的影响...........................................................29
§3.3 本章小结...................................................................................................30
第四章 煤灰部分矿物质的结构和特性分析........................................................31
§4.1 引言...........................................................................................................31
§4.2 煤灰中部分矿物质的结构与特性分析...................................................31
§4.2.1 黄铁矿的结构与特性分析...............................................................31
§4.2.2 铁橄榄石的结构与特性分析...........................................................33
§4.2.3 高岭石的的结构与特性分析...........................................................36
§4.2.4 钠长石的的结构与特性分析...........................................................38
§4.2 本章小结...................................................................................................41
第五章 全文总结与展望........................................................................................42
§5.1 全文总结...................................................................................................42
§5.2 主要创新点...............................................................................................43
§5.3 工作展望...................................................................................................43
参考文献..................................................................................................................45
硕士期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目..........................................................48
致 谢......................................................................................................................49
第一章 绪论
1
第一章 绪 论
§1.1 课题研究背景及意义
能源作为人类社会的存在和发展的重要基础,是我国可持续发展战略目标
最重要环节之一。其利用程度和利用方式标志着经济发展的水平。由下表 1-1
1-2[1]可以看出我国的资源以煤炭为主、石油和气相对匮乏2007
25.23 亿t2008 27.16 亿t1.93 亿t
7.65%[2]。从能源消费结构上看:煤炭始终占据我国能源生产、消费领域的 70%
上的2020 2533 亿煤之
间,2050 一次求量计将50 亿吨标准煤左右,煤炭所
占比例仍将在 50%左右,能源结构以煤为主的状况在相当长时间内还是不会发生
根本性的变化[3] ,充分利用我国的煤炭资源、大力发展煤化工是我国一项长期国
策。伴随可持续发展的理念深入人心,人们越来越重视资源和环境问题,从而使
得能减少污染、提高效率的洁净煤技术得到了迅速的发展。
1-1 我国能源生产结构
年份
能源生产总量
(万吨标准煤)
占能源生产总量的比重(%)
原煤
原油
天然气
水电、核电、风电
2000
128978
72.0
18.1
2.8
7.2
2001
137445
71.8
17.0
2.9
8.2
2002
143810
72.3
16.6
3.0
8.1
2003
163842
75.1
14.8
2.8
7.3
2004
187341
76.0
13.4
2.9
7.7
2005
205876
76.5
12.6
3.2
7.7
2006
221056
76.7
11.9
3.5
7.9
注:电力折算标准煤的系数根据当年平均发电煤耗计算(下表同)
1-2 我国能源消费结构
能源生产总量
(万吨标准煤)
占能源生产总量的比重(%)
原煤
原油
天然气
水电、核电、风电
138553
67.8
23.2
2.4
6.7
143199
66.7
22.9
2.6
7.9
151797
66.3
23.4
2.6
7.7
摘要:

摘要随着我国经济的快速发展,能源与环境正日益成为限制我国经济发展的主要凭颈。鉴于我国能源资源富煤缺油少气的特点,将煤炭在大型电站上广泛使用,才有利于集中处理,做到高效、洁净利用。由于我国煤灰含量高,灰熔点普遍偏高,有害于着火不良,燃烧稳定性较差,锅炉受热面的结渣和沾污等问题。目前国内外对煤灰特性研究尤其是对粘温特性的研究一直没有取得重大的突破,首先本文对煤灰的烧结实验分别研究了两种煤灰和煤焦A和B在不同气氛下对煤灰的烧结特性的影响。在Na2O、K2O含量相同的情况下,煤灰A比煤灰B有较多的Fe2O3含量。还原性气氛下煤灰A的烧结温度和体积收缩率都小于煤灰B,分别应用量子化学对FeO的产物铁橄榄...

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作者:陈辉 分类:高等教育资料 价格:15积分 属性:50 页 大小:6.07MB 格式:PDF 时间:2024-11-19

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