基于供需网理念的企业专利资源协同管理研究

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摘要

随着全球经济一体化格局的主体形成，单纯的竞争性经营战略已经不能满

足企业生存发展的需要。在变化迅速而又不可预期的买方市场环境下，需求个

性化、多样化、复杂化的消费者向企业提出了更高的要求，企业唯有在竞争中

寻求合作，才能在“共赢”的格局下长足发展，多功能开放型企业供需网理论正

是顺应这一时代要求而被提出的。同时，科技的不断进步推动了企业产品知识

价值的提升，因而体现技术价值核心的专利成为企业生存的命脉。在这种环境

下，对于企业专利策略的研究显得尤为重要。因此，对于基于供需网理念的企

业专利资源的协同管理的研究有着重要的意义。

本文研究基于供需网的企业专利资源协同管理，它是国家自然科学基金项

目《推进我国传统企业向供需网企业转变的系统化研究（编号：70672110）》

以及国家 863 高技术研究发展计划项目《企业间专利资源协同管理模式及其软

件使能技术研究（编号：2007AA04Z101）》研究的有机组成部分。

本文的主要研究工作如下：

介绍了基于供需网理念的企业专利资源协同管理的研究背景和研

究意义，分析了传统企业专利策略的弊端以及专利联盟思想的产生、发展及

其局限性，讨论了专利资源协同管理思想的产生和意义。

介绍了企业供需网的概念和特征，讨论了迄今为止关于专利战略

的研究和发展状况，最后介绍了协同的概念和协同理论及其应用。

研究了基于供需网理念的企业专利资源协同管理的一般原理，并

且使用博弈模型分析了企业合作伙伴专利共享的博弈过程，最后对企业专利

协同共享的博弈过程进行演化分析，得出了演化稳定策略。

研究了企业专利资源协同管理的决策支持系统的原理，根据企业

间专利资源协同管理的特点，设计了基于 Web2.0 和B/S 融合模式的决策支持

系统架构。

结合 IBM 公司的实际情况进行了案例分析。介绍了 IBM 公司的

专利开放策略，并分析了其专利共享策略的优势和劣势，同时讨论了专利协

同管理与专利共享的不同之处，给出了专利资源协同管理的的现实意义。

关键词：供需网专利资源协同管理序参量演化博弈

ABSTRACT

With the establishment of the pattern of global economic integration, simple

competitive business strategy can no longer meet the needs of enterprise survival

and development. Under the buyer's marketing condition with rapidly changing

which cannot be expected, the demand of consumers for personalized, diversified

and complex put forward higher requirements to enterprises. Companies, who want

to development in long term in the "win-win" patter, must seek cooperation in the

competition. It is the demand of times for the generation of the Supply and Demand

Network with multi-functional and opening characteristics for enterprise. At the

same time, technological advances encourage enterprises to increase the value of

product knowledge, and the patent which reflects the core value of technology

becomes the lifeblood of business survival. Under this circumstance, the enterprise

patent strategy research is particularly important. Therefore, research for supply and

demand network inter-enterprise collaborative management of the patent resources

is significant. This paper studies for supply and demand network inter-enterprise

patent resource synergy management which is from the National Natural Science

Foundation Project (7067211) to promote China's traditional enterprises to supply

and demand networks (SDN) enterprises to change their systematic research and the

national high-tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) Project

(2007AA04Z101) inter-enterprise patent resource synergy management model and

its software enabling technology research, and this paper is the important part of the

research.

The main researches in this paper are as follows:

It described the research background and research significance of

enterprise patent resource synergy management based on the theory of supply and

demand network, and analyzed the drawbacks of traditional enterprise patent

strategy, patent alliance idea generation, development and limitations, patent

resource synergy management generation and significance.

It introduced the concept and characteristics of supply and demand

network for enterprise, and discussed research and development situation of the

patent strategy, finally introduced the concept and theory of synergy, the production,

development and application status.

It studied the general principles of the enterprise patent resource

synergy management based on theory of supply and demand network, and use the

game model of analysis for business partners to share the patent during the game

process, finally used the evolutionary game model to present the process in the

evolution game, to be evolutionary stable strategy.

It studied the enterprise resource synergy management of the patent

decision support system for the principle, according to the characteristics of

enterprise resource synergy management of the patent, designed an architecture

based on Web2.0 and the B/S-framework integration model of decision support

system.

It combined with the actual situation of the case study for IBM. On the

basis of the research for our companies’ strategy, it analyzed the strengths and

weaknesses of their patent strategy. At the same time, it discussed the difference

between patent sharing and patent synergy, and then it led to the competitive

advantage for synergy management of patent.

Key Word：SDN, patent resource, synergy management, order

parameter, evolutionary game

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 .............................................................................................................1

§1.1 课题研究的背景意义 ......................................................................................1

§1.1.1 经济全球化背景下的专利策略 .............................................................. 1

§1.1.2 专利联盟的局限性 .................................................................................. 2

§1.2 国内外研究现状 ..............................................................................................3

§1.2.1 企业供需网研究现状 .............................................................................. 3

§1.2.2 专利资源协同管理的研究现状 ............................................................. 5

§1.3 课题研究的意义 ..............................................................................................6

§1.4 论文的结构框架 ..............................................................................................7

§1.5 本章小结 ..........................................................................................................9

第二章相关概念及理论研究综述 ......................................................................... 10

§2.1 多功能开放型企业供需网（SND）的基本特征 ........................................10

§2.1.1 SDN 的概念 ........................................................................................... 10

§2.1.2 SDN 的功能结构 ................................................................................... 10

§2.1.3 SDN 的主要特征 ................................................................................... 13

§2.2 企业专利战略 ................................................................................................14

§2.2.1 专利战略的定义及运作模式 ................................................................ 14

§2.2.2 专利战略的发展阶段 ............................................................................ 15

§2.3 协同理论的发展 ............................................................................................18

§2.3.1 协同的概念 ............................................................................................ 18

§2.3.2 协同理论的发展与应用 ........................................................................ 19

§2.3.3 管理协同与全面协同 ............................................................................ 19

§2.4 本章小节 ........................................................................................................20

第三章企业专利资源协同管理理论 ..................................................................... 21

§3.1 专利资源协同管理的一般原理 ....................................................................21

§3.1.1 专利协同的随机进化方程 .................................................................... 22

§3.1.2 专利协同的序参量方程 ........................................................................ 25

§3.2 专利协同的博弈模型 ....................................................................................25

§3.2.1 博弈论的一些重要概念 ........................................................................ 26

§3.2.2 专利协同的博弈模型 ............................................................................ 27

§3.3 专利协同的演化博弈模型 ............................................................................29

§3.3.1 演化博弈理论的产生 ............................................................................ 29

§3.3.2 演化博弈的特征 .................................................................................... 30

§3.3.3 演化博弈论在经济学中的应用优势 .................................................... 30

§3.3.4 专利协同管理的演化博弈模型 ............................................................ 32

§3.3.5 专利协同管理博弈模型演化结果分析 ................................................ 36

§3.4 本章小结 ........................................................................................................37

第四章企业专利资源协同管理的决策支持系统 ................................................. 39

§4.1 SDN-PSM-DSS 系统分析 ............................................................................ 39

§4.1.1 总体分析 ............................................................................................... 39

§4.1.2 系统的总体结构 ................................................................................... 41

§4.2、SDN-PSM-DSS 系统的主要功能 .............................................................. 42

§4.2.1 专利资源协同获取与整理子系统 ....................................................... 42

§4.2.2 专利资源协同分析子系统 ................................................................... 42

§4.2.3 专利资源协同应用子系统 ................................................................... 43

§4.2.4 专利资源协同评价子系统 ................................................................... 43

§4.3 SDN-PSM-DSS 系统的设计 ........................................................................ 44

§4.3.1 系统的架构模式 ................................................................................... 44

§4.3.2 系统的开发环境 ................................................................................... 45

§4.4 本章小节 ........................................................................................................46

第五章案例分析——IBM 专利战略剖析 .............................................................47

§5.1 IBM 专利战略 ................................................................................................47

§5.1.1 背景介绍 ............................................................................................... 47

§5.1.2 开放专利分析 ....................................................................................... 47

§5.2 IBM 专利战略分析 .......................................................................................48

§5.2.1 IBM 专利共享的战略层面剖析 ...........................................................48

§5.2.2 IBM 专利共享的战术层面剖析 ...........................................................49

§5.3 IBM 专利共享战略的优劣势分析 ...............................................................51

§5.3.1 专利共享的优势 .................................................................................... 51

§5.3.2 专利共享的局限性 ................................................................................ 51

§5.4 专利资源协同管理的现实意义 .................................................................... 52

§5.4.1 共享与协同的区别 ................................................................................ 52

§5.4.2 专利资源协同管理的现实意义 ............................................................ 52

§5.5 本章小节 ........................................................................................................53

第六章总结与展望 ................................................................................................. 54

§6.1 全文总结 ........................................................................................................54

§6.1.1 本文的主要研究成果 ............................................................................ 54

§6.1.2 本文的主要创新点 ................................................................................ 55

§6.2 研究展望 ........................................................................................................56

参考文献 ..................................................................................................................57

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目及取得成果 ......................................62

致谢 ......................................................................................................................... 63

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摘要：

摘要随着全球经济一体化格局的主体形成，单纯的竞争性经营战略已经不能满足企业生存发展的需要。在变化迅速而又不可预期的买方市场环境下，需求个性化、多样化、复杂化的消费者向企业提出了更高的要求，企业唯有在竞争中寻求合作，才能在“共赢”的格局下长足发展，多功能开放型企业供需网理论正是顺应这一时代要求而被提出的。同时，科技的不断进步推动了企业产品知识价值的提升，因而体现技术价值核心的专利成为企业生存的命脉。在这种环境下，对于企业专利策略的研究显得尤为重要。因此，对于基于供需网理念的企业专利资源的协同管理的研究有着重要的意义。本文研究基于供需网的企业专利资源协同管理，它是国家自然科学基金项目《推进我国传统...

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