国内高校学生工作专业化发展研究

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摘要

当前，学生工作作为我国高校一项十分重要的实际工作，却不具备它应有的

魅力；如何从历史的纬度和国际的视角准确把握它在高校组织中的地位与作用，

这不仅是一个崭新的课题，而且亟待深入探索。此外，随着社会经济与高校内外

部环境的不断变化、发展，教育信息的广泛交流，高校工作中出现了各种新情况

新问题，传统高校学生工作的不适应日益凸显。在这种形势下，更需要将高校学

生工作放置在全球化的视角下去考察和研究，通过积极探索，稳步推进，在新的

历史条件下走出一条符合我国国情的学生工作新道路。

美国高校学生事务可以看作是西方发达国家高校学生事务的代表，它基本上

已经走在了世界各国高校同类工作的前列。从最初的“替父代母制”，先后经历了

“学生人事工作”、“学生服务”和“学生发展”等几个阶段，逐步形成了比较成

熟的工作理论、相对完备的工作体系以及独具特色的工作实践，最终于 20 世纪完

成了专业化的历程，走上了专业化发展的道路。高校学生事务在美国高等教育中

相对独立的地位，专门的机构、职业化的工作岗位和专业化的管理人员已成为美

国高校学生事务管理专业化的标志性特征，这对进一步加强高校学生工作有着重

要的借鉴意义。

由于特殊的历史背景和国际地位，在香港高校学生事务中，既有中国优秀传

统思想，也有西方先进理念，可以看作是中西方高校学生事务的融合与过渡，香

港高校学生事务管理中独具特色的“全人教育”、“无为而治”、“服务至上”等理

念正是这种中西文化合璧的结果。由于中国内地与香港文化同宗共源的关系，可

以通过了解香港高校学生工作专业化理念的发展历程、组织结构、专业化队伍建

设等专业化发展的特征，找出一些富有启发性的见解和可供参考的方法。近年来，

国内高校与香港高校学生工作之间的交流也充分说明了这一点。

国内高校学生工作的发展历程、组织结构、管理模式、专业队伍建设对学生

工作起着决定性的作用，对国内高校学生工作的分析也就显得极为必要。通过对

美国、香港以及我国内地高校学生工作的分析、比较，结合实证调研，问卷调查，

本论文认为：1）高校学生工作专业化不仅是解决问题与挑战的根本思路，也是国

内高校学生工作发展的必然趋势；2）学生工作专业化是一个长期的、渐进的发展

过程，是一个系统工程，这就要求对于学生工作相关部门而言，一方面不能消极

等待，应主动采取对策，积极推动专业化进程；另一方面，要深入细致、踏实稳

健的做好各个方面的工作，不能急躁冒进，做表面文章、走形式主义；3）实际操

作中应该从树立科学认识、构建适合专业化发展的组织结构、加强专业化队伍建

设等方面着手，推动和实现学校学生工作专业化的发展。

本论文包括以下几个方面的内容。第一章对该课题的研究背景、研究意义、

国内外目前研究现状以及本论文采用的研究方法、研究思路作一介绍，力求勾勒

出本论文逻辑框架；第二章是理论综述，主要将本论文所用学生工作理论与相关

概念做一总结，利用这些理论来指导本论文的写作；第三章是对美国、香港以及

国内高校学生工作的理念、组织结构、管理模式、管理队伍建设等专业化的表现

形式进行透彻分析、比较，取其精华，为我所用；第四章通过对具体案例的调查

问卷分析，以便有针对性地提出适当的建议与措施；最后在前几章分析的基础上，

提出笔者的建议与措施。

关键词：美国高校香港高校国内高校学生工作专业化建设

ABSTRACT

So far，the student work，as a practical work of vital importance in the higher

education of China，hasn’t exerted its charm。It is a brand-new project of how to grasp

its importance and its effect in the higher education from both the historical and

international points of view ，which is now urgently asking for our thorough

exploration。Furthermore，along with the development of our social economy，the

educational environment both inside and outside of the high schools has been changing

and developing 。The result of intensive communications of educational information

among high schools shows that various new problems has emerged in the higher

education system and the traditional methods in student work has become more and

more unsuitable for the current educational situation。In this case，it becomes more

important for us to consider and analyze the problems in the student work of our

Chinese higher education from a universal viewpoint。By active exploration and steady

popularization，we shall find out a new way that tallies with our national situation under

the new historical background to carry out our higher-school student work。

As the representative of western developed countries in the higher education，the

United States has on the whole gone far ahead in their student work in the world 。

Starting from “In loco parents”the emphasis of American student work in higher schools

has gone through different phases such as “student personnel theory”，“student service

theory” and “student development theory” 。By the twentieth century ，the American

higher school student work has walked up into a specialized path with comparatively

mature work theories，relatively self-contained work systems and unique work practice。

The relative independency of student work in the American higher educational system，

its special organization，its professional posts and specialized managers have become

the symbolic characteristics of the specialization of American higher-school student

work，which would be of important use for reference for the further advancement of the

higher-school student work in China。

Because of its specific historical background and international importance ，

Hongkong has embraced both the super traditional Chinese ideologies and the advanced

western theories in its higher-school student work。Therefore，the higher-school student

work in Hongkong could be taken as the inosculation of and transition between those in

both China and the western countries 。Its educational ideas like “civil education” ，

“do-nothing education” and“serving paramountcy”are just the results of this cultural

inosculation。Since the Chinese Mainland has the same clan in culture with Hongkong,

we could find out some enlightening opinions and promote our higher-school student

work by studying the developing course，the administrative theories，the organizing

structure and the construction of the specialized staff of that in Hongkong。

On the basis of my analysis of the developing course，the organizing structure，the

administrative mode and the construction of the specialized staff of the Chinese

higher-school student work and my comparative study of the higher-school student

work in America，Hongkong and China，with an exmple as university of shanghai for

science and technology。I shall in this thesis explicate the problems and challenges our

higher-school student work will encounter under the new circumstances and support my

standpoints with some examples 。I think that in order to solve these problems and

overcome these challenges we should make it clear that ：1) the specialization of the

higher-school student work is not only the very method of solving these problems and

overcoming these challenges, but also the necessary tendency of Chinese higher-school

student work：2) the specialization of the higher-school student work is a long-term and

gradual process，so that we should neither passively wait nor impatiently rash advance

or exercise Pharisaism with all eyewash in the course，but actively take measures to

solve the problems we meet with so as to promote its development ；3) in practical

work ，we should promote and finally realize the specialization of the Chinese

higher-school student work，firstly，setting up an organizing system，then building up

a student work system and at last increasing our strength in the development of a

specialized personnel，which could think about and build up an appropriate specialized

higher-school student work system with a scientific attitude。

Thus, the contents of this thesis are as follows:

Chapter one will try to draw the logic outline of the whole thesis by giving full

explanations of the background, meanings and methods of the study in this thesis and

the actuality of current study on the same subject. Chapter two is a literary review of the

theories of student affairs which will be used as guidance in this thesis. Chapter three

will give a full analysis and comparison of the theories, organizing structures,

administrative modes and administrative personnel construction of the higher-school

student work in the United States, Hongkang and China, with the purpose of learning

from other’s strong points to offset our weakness. By analyzing the questionnaires about

the student work in University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Chapter four

intends to give some proper advice on our national higher-school student work. And on

the basis of all the studies in the previous chapters, Chapter five will subsequently bring

forward some suggestions with the measures to carry them out.

Keyword：

American higher schools，

Hongkong higher schools，

higher

schools in the Chinese Mainland，student work，specialized

development

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论............................................................................................................... 1

§1.1 研究背景...................................................................................................... 1

§1.2 研究意义...................................................................................................... 2

§1.2.1 理论意义.............................................................................................. 2

§1.2.2 现实意义............................................................................................. 3

§1.3 研究现状...................................................................................................... 4

§1.3.1 国外研究状况...................................................................................... 4

§1.3.2 国内研究状况...................................................................................... 5

§1.４研究思路和方法........................................................................................ 5

§1.4.1 研究思路.............................................................................................. 5

§1.4.2 研究方法.............................................................................................. 6

第二章理论综述........................................................................................................... 7

§2.1 高校学生工作哲学指导思想...................................................................... 7

§2.1.1 美国高校学生事务管理哲学指导思想.............................................. 7

§2.1.2 国内高校学生工作哲学指导思想.................................................... 10

§2.1.3 中美高校学生工作哲学指导思想的启示........................................ 13

§2.2 高校学生事务管理与专业化理论............................................................ 15

§2.2.1 高校学生事务管理理论.................................................................... 15

§2.2.2 专业化理论........................................................................................ 16

§2.3 学生事务管理专业化概念........................................................................ 17

§2.3.1 高校学生事务及管理........................................................................ 17

§2.3.2 高校学生工作专业化........................................................................ 19

第三章美国、香港及国内高校学生工作专业化建设现状与比较......................... 25

§3.1 美国高校学生事务专业化发展现状........................................................ 25

§3.1.1 美国高校学生事务管理专业化理念的发展.................................... 25

§3.1.2 美国高校学生事务组织结构及管理模式........................................ 29

§3.1.3 美国高校学生事务专业化管理队伍建设与工作内容.................... 31

§3.2 香港高校学生事务管理专业化现状........................................................ 36

§3.2.1 香港高校学生事务管理专业化理念................................................ 36

§3.2.2 香港高校学生事务组织结构与管理模式........................................ 39

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摘要：

摘要当前，学生工作作为我国高校一项十分重要的实际工作，却不具备它应有的魅力；如何从历史的纬度和国际的视角准确把握它在高校组织中的地位与作用，这不仅是一个崭新的课题，而且亟待深入探索。此外，随着社会经济与高校内外部环境的不断变化、发展，教育信息的广泛交流，高校工作中出现了各种新情况新问题，传统高校学生工作的不适应日益凸显。在这种形势下，更需要将高校学生工作放置在全球化的视角下去考察和研究，通过积极探索，稳步推进，在新的历史条件下走出一条符合我国国情的学生工作新道路。美国高校学生事务可以看作是西方发达国家高校学生事务的代表，它基本上已经走在了世界各国高校同类工作的前列。从最初的“替父代母制”，先后...

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