ABSTRACT
Transportation refers to transport freight and passengers from one place to another,
during which no new direct product emerges. It connects production, distribution,
exchange and consummation together as a premise for wholesome economy. However,
the relationship between transportation and economy development is rather complex. To
study the dynamic principles hiding between them, this paper presents Co-integration
analysis, Impulse Response Function analysis, and other quantitative analysis methods
to investigate on their dynamic relationship from the perspective of econometrics.
In freightage, this paper not only establishes the dynamic relationship on freight
ton-kilometers 、GDP and transportation price by the approaches of Co-integration
theory, but also formulates the Error Correction Model to look for the short-term
dynamic fluctuation and long-term equilibrium. Meanwhile, this paper uses Granger
causality to test the mutual relationship. The results show that there is a unique long run
dynamic equilibrium among the three variables. Freight ton-kilometers are the Granger
causal relationship of GDP and transportation price. There is a single causal relationship
between GDP and transportation price.
Passenger transportation is sensitive to and influenced by social, environmental and
economical factors, and therefore this paper adopts Vector Auto-Regression Model,
Impulse Response Function and Variance Decomposition to investigate on the impacts
of them on passenger transportation. The results based on matched-pair research
indicate that the economy development can enhance the volume of passenger-kilometers
in the short term, while in the long term it can’t boost much. Meanwhile, the results
show that there is a slight response as to the shock of the proportion of the population
and that the fluctuation in transportation price may restrain passenger-kilometers in the
short term, whereas has little influence on transportation demand.
All in all, this paper successfully combines and applies Co-integration analysis and
Impulse Response Function analysis with other kinds of quantitative analysis methods.
This research has carried on useful exploration both in theory and demonstration.
Keywords :Transportation, Economy, Co-integration, Error
Correction Model, Vector Auto-Regression Model,
Impulse Response Function,Variance Decomposition