资金配置与区域经济失衡的相关性研究

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摘要

从世界经济发展里程看，各国在经济发展过程中均不同程度呈现出区域与区

域之间经济不均衡发展现象。当这种不均衡达到一定的程度，就会对整个社会的

各个方面都产生不利的影响。本文从资金配置的角度出发，分析了从建国时期立

足于国际国内的政治和军事意义的资金配置情况和改革开放后立足于纯经济意义

的效率至上的资金配置情况。为缩小区域差距，实现区域协调发展，以兼顾效率

与公平为前提，对资金区域配置与区域经济失衡进行了理论与实证研究。研究结

论如下：

(1)日益扩大的区域发展差距，加剧了我国经济区域发展的失衡态势，这是当前

区域经济面临的主要矛盾和问题。而国际化和市场化进程本身加强了一些东部沿

海地区固有的发展潜力和比较优势，使之处于经济增长的核心位置。随着改革开

放的逐步深入。市场对资源配置作用加强，推动了东部的高速增长，由此而加大

区域发展的差距。

(2)严重失衡的区域资金配置对区域经济的协调发展产生日益明显的消极影响。

主要表现在：首先，刺激和扩大区域发展差距。实证研究证明了区域资金配置失

衡是导致并将继续扩大区域发展水平和发展能力的差异主要因素；其次，影响区

域经济的协调发展,再次，影响区域社会经济稳定发展。

(3)在研究和考查我国资金配置的实践过程中，我们发现虽然通过计划手段直接

配置的社会资金在全社会总资金中所占的比重和份额不断下降，但是政府实际还

是在相当程度上影响了社会资金的配置。因为，在放弃投资额度直接控制的同时，

政府并未放弃对投资的准入控制。带有浓厚政府行为的国有企业所形成的各种各

样的部门垄断、行业垄断和地区垄断，就成为政府影响资金配置的主要手段。

(4)根据区域经济发展和区域资金配置的现状及问提，为促进区域经济的协调发

展，我们必须重新确立区域资金的配置模式。建国以来，我国在计划经济时期和

转轨时期分别实践了区域均衡配置模式和非均衡配置模式。应该说，这两种模式

的选择，在当时特定的时期都有其合理性，特别是改革开放以后的区域非均衡资

金配置模式的实施，极大地提高了资金的配置效率，促进了区域经济(特别是东部

经济)的高速增长。但是这两种资金配置模式都无法很好地处理资金配置过程中的

公平与效率的矛盾。

（5）论文提出了要实现社会资金在区域间协调配置的政策和措施。这些政策和

措施主要包括：第一，建立健全宏观调控。区域经济的协调发展，必须依赖于政

府强有力的宏观调控。第二，区域性政策的制定与实施。全国统一政策无法缩小

区域资金配置失衡，而且对中西部地区也有失公平。我国应及时制定并实施区域

性经济政策。第三，区域资金诱导机制的建立。可以采用的手段包括各种投资补

贴、财政贴息、税收优惠等措施。以弥补这些地区投资环境较差的缺陷。

关键词：区域经济失衡资金配置失衡协调发展

ABSTRACT

When talk about the phylogeny of the world economy, There is an imbalance from

one region to another in any country. Once this situation become more and more serious,

it definitely will break the tolerance, In this way, It will cause many problem in every

aspect of the society. In the base of capital, We have analysed the collocation of capital

both in the early stage of the new China establish and in the period of reforming and

opening up policy. In order to reduce the regional development gap, and realize regional

economy harmony development, this paper researches the theory and demonstration of

regional capital collocation and imbalance of development among regions . We reach

conclusions as below:

(1)The increasing regional development gap, Which deteriorates imbalance, is the

primary contradictions and problems. And the internationalization and marketabilization

intensify development of eastern coastal regions and comparative superiority. With the

policy of reforming and opening up deepening , the function of market in capital

collocation is strengthened, and promotes eastern economy high-speed growth, So the

gap of regional development was increased.

(2)Greatly unbalance in region capital collocation take increasing passive influence

to the harmony development of regional economy. Firstly, stimulate and enlarge

regional development gap. Secondly, weaken the power of government in the adjusting

and controlling the economy. Thirdly, impact harmony development of regional

economy.

(3)The mechanism of capital collocation has changed greatly. The proportion of

capital centralized directly by government’s scheme is declining. The function of market

in capital collocation is being intensified. Government as a important part in social

capital collocation gradually gives place to enterprises and individuals. Main body of

multi-investor and marketability in capital collocation has been shaped primarily. The

function of market mechanism is standing our gradually. However, The government has

not abandoned control to the admission of invest. Many stated enterprises with much

government behaviors and their monopoly to industry and regions have been an

important means, which influence capital collocation.

(4)According to the present status and problems during regional economy

development and regional capital collocation, We should re-establish the pattern of

regional capital collocation to promote regional economy harmony development. In past

50 years China practiced two kind of pattern in regional capital collocation that is

equilibrium and imbalance pattern in RCC greatly boosted the efficiency of capital

collocation and promote high speed growth of regional economy since 1978, especially

hastened eastern economy development, However, this two patterns in capital

collocation cannot coordinate the contradiction between equity and efficiency.

(5)This paper put forward many policy and measures of capital harmony

collocation among regions. Firstly, Establish and perfect macro-control system.

Harmony development of regional economy depends on powerful macro-control of

government. Secondly, Corry out regional policy. National uniform policy cannot settle

down the unbalance in capital collocation. Further more, it is unfair to middle and

western, We are supposed to institute and carry out regional economy policy. Thirdly,

Establishment of mechanism to attract social capital. These measures including all sort

of invest allowance, financial discount interest and favorable tax policy.

Key words: Imbalance of Regional economy, Imbalance of Capital

collocation, Harmony development

中文摘要

ABSTRACT

第一章绪论 ........................................................ 1

§1.1 研究的问题 ..................................................... 1

§1.2 研究的意义 ..................................................... 1

§1.3 研究的方法 ..................................................... 1

§1.4 研究的现状 ..................................................... 1

§1.5 课题的创新点 ................................................... 2

第二章基本理论 ...................................................... 3

§2.1 区域经济发展理论 ............................................... 3

§2.1.1 区域经济理论 ................................................. 3

§2.1.2 我国区域经济的划分及结果 ..................................... 4

§2.1.3 地区均衡发展的必要性 ......................................... 6

§2.2 区域资金配置理论 ............................................... 7

§2.2.1 社会资金理论 ................................................. 7

§2.2.2 区域资金配置理论 ............................................. 9

§2.2.3 区域资金配置与区域经济发展 .................................. 12

第三章中国区域经济失衡现象及影响 ................................... 16

§3.1 区域经济发展差异指标 .......................................... 16

§3.1.1 区域经济发展的绝对差异指标 .................................. 16

§3.1.2 区域经济发展的相对差距指标 .................................. 17

§3.1.3 洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数 ........................................ 18

§3.2 差距指标的实证测量 ............................................ 19

§3.3 不平衡发展趋势的实证测量 ...................................... 22

§3.4 区域经济不平衡对整体经济的影响 ................................ 24

§3.5 影响区域社会经济稳定发展 ...................................... 26

§3.5.1 少数民族的发展 .............................................. 26

§3.5.2 贫困地区的脱贫向题 .......................................... 27

第四章中国区域资金配置失衡分析 ..................................... 28

§4.1 资金配置的目标导向 ............................................ 28

§4.1.1 计划经济体制下的取向 ........................................ 28

§4.1.2 转轨时期的目标取向(1978 年以后) .............................. 30

§4.2 资金配置的基础差异 ............................................ 31

§4.2.1 区域的自然条件 .............................................. 31

§4.2.2 区域经济基础 ................................................ 32

§4.3 资金配置的政策倾斜 ............................................ 33

§4.3.1 投资政策 .................................................... 33

§4.3.2 税收政策 .................................................... 35

第五章资金配置对区域经济失衡的影响 ................................. 37

§5.1 投资与经济增长的相关关系 ...................................... 38

§5.2 税收对区域经济发展不平衡的影响 ................................ 39

§5.3 刺激和扩大区域发展差距 ........................................ 41

§5.3.1 区域资本循环积累的经济原因 .................................. 41

§5.3.2 扩大区域发展能力和条件的差异 ................................ 42

§5.4 影响区域经济的协调发展 ........................................ 44

§5.4.1 弱化区域的分工与布局 ........................................ 44

§5.4.2 阻碍统一市场的形成和发展 .................................... 46

第六章扭转区域经济失衡的政策建议 ................................... 49

§6.1 建立健全宏观调控体系 .......................................... 50

§6.2 区域性政策的制定与实施 ........................................ 52

§6.2.1 投资政策 .................................................... 52

§6.2.2 财政税收政策 ................................................ 53

§6.2.3 区域性投融资政策 ............................................ 54

§6.3 区域资金诱导机制的建立 ........................................ 56

§6.4.1 投资补贴制度 ................................................ 56

§6.4.2 财政贴息 .................................................... 57

§6.4.3 其它优惠 .................................................... 58

参考文献 ............................................................ 59

在读期间公开发表的论文和承担科研项目 ................................ 62

致谢 ............................................................... 63

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摘要：

摘要从世界经济发展里程看，各国在经济发展过程中均不同程度呈现出区域与区域之间经济不均衡发展现象。当这种不均衡达到一定的程度，就会对整个社会的各个方面都产生不利的影响。本文从资金配置的角度出发，分析了从建国时期立足于国际国内的政治和军事意义的资金配置情况和改革开放后立足于纯经济意义的效率至上的资金配置情况。为缩小区域差距，实现区域协调发展，以兼顾效率与公平为前提，对资金区域配置与区域经济失衡进行了理论与实证研究。研究结论如下：(1)日益扩大的区域发展差距，加剧了我国经济区域发展的失衡态势，这是当前区域经济面临的主要矛盾和问题。而国际化和市场化进程本身加强了一些东部沿海地区固有的发展潜力和比较优势...

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